Chapter 16 and 17

DSM-V.

A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the:

a persistently sad mood and low energy level.

A persistent depressive disorder (dysthymic disorder) is most likely to be characterized by:

dissociative disorder.

A sudden loss of memory is one of the symptoms of a(n):

exposure therapy.

A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates:

eclectic.

A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be:

biasing power of diagnostic labels.

After participants in one study were informed that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases such as "a passive type" and "frightened of his own impulses." This study best illustrated the

phobia.

Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a(n)

social-cognitive perspective.

Amanda's therapist suggests that her depression results from mistakenly blaming herself rather than a slumping economy for her recent job loss. Her therapist's suggestion best illustrates a

specific and temporary.

An effective way to break the vicious cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are:

a biopsychosocial approach.

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by:

learning

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.

the medical model.

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts are made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of:

the placebo effect.

Because she mistakenly believes that the herbal remedy she is using will help her lose weight, Mrs. Redding is feeling a considerable reduction in her appetite. This best illustrates:

ADHD.

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of:

periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement.

Catatonia is characterized by:

interpreting the meaning of clients' resistance to therapeutic procedures.

Classical psychoanalysts were especially interested in:

biopsychosocial

Considering the greatest range of factors that may contribute to the process of healing is most clearly facilitated by a(n) ________ approach to therapy.

resistance.

During her weekly therapy sessions, Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:

a depressive disorder

Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from:

operant conditioning.

In a residential treatment facility for troubled youth, adolescent children receive large colored buttons when they hang up their clothes, make their beds, and come to meals on time. The children return the buttons to staff members in order to receive bedtime snacks or watch TV. This best illustrates an application of: *

diagnostic labels.

In a study by David Rosenhan (1973), researchers were admitted as patients into various mental hospitals after they falsely claimed to be "hearing voices." This study best illustrated the negative effects of:

systematic desensitization

In order to help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique best illustrates:

aversive conditioning.

In order to help Janet overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. This approach to treatment best illustrates:

an antisocial personality disorder.

Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates:

generalized anxiety disorder

Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n

hallucinations.

Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him that he is so evil that he should drown himself. Michael is experiencing:

mania.

Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money, but over the past two weeks he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire life savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of:

delusions.

Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from:

schizophrenia.

Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching her to see how long it takes her to grow another one. Mrs. Higgins is most likely suffering from:

aerobic exercise.

One good alternative to antidepressant drugs is

ECT.

Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with: *

a biopsychosocial approach.

People around the world may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently depending on their own personal expectations and the definitions of abnormality common to their unique culture. This best illustrates the need for:

clear-cut.

Psychotherapy is likely to be most effective when a client's problem is:

cognitive therapy

Recognizing that depressed people do not exhibit the self-serving bias common in nondepressed people is most helpful for appreciating which therapeutic approach? *

cognitive therapy.

Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Sanchez remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. In order to reduce Mr. Sanchez's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of

panic disorder.

Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of

exposure therapy.

Systematic desensitization is a form of:

antipsychotic

Tardive dyskinesia is associated with the long-term use of certain ________ drugs.

agoraphobia.

The avoidance of situations in which help may not be available when panic strikes is most characteristic of:

drug therapies

The double-blind technique is most likely to be used in evaluating the effectiveness of:

cognitive therapy.

The goal of stress inoculation training is to reduce incapacitating anxiety by encouraging people to say positive things to themselves during anxiety-producing situations. This best illustrates a form of: *

establish an empathic, caring relationship with their clients

The most effective psychotherapists are those who:

cognitive processes

The placebo effect best illustrates the importance of _______ in therapeutic outcomes.

viral infections

The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder.

learned helplessness.

The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression to:

psychoanalytic perspective.

The suggestion that dissociative identity disorders are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one's own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the:

hallucinations.

Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce:

regression toward the mean.

When people's symptoms of psychological distress are at their worst, whatever they do to try to alleviate the condition is likely to be followed by improvement rather than further deterioration. This is best explained in terms of:

social withdrawal

Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Thorazine

Which of the following drugs is most likely to provide schizophrenia patients with some relief from their auditory hallucinations and paranoia?

Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement

Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from lithium? *

Prozac

Which of the following is a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor? *

EMDR

Which of the following is least likely to be effective in the treatment of depression?

free association.

While focusing on several intrusive thoughts that had been bothering her recently, Jenny was instructed by her therapist to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist was making use of a technique known as:

Carl Rogers

Who emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy?

Sigmund Freud

Who emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process?

an obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of

post-traumatic stress disorder.

Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of:

a manic episode.

an overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with

enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted

client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of