Chapter 16 & 17 Study Guide

Which of the above is analogous to a single substitution mutation?

C. THECATARETHERAT

Match the investigator(s) to the appropriate discovery of about the nature of genes. A. Frederick Griffith B. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase C. Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty, and Colin MacLeod D. Erwin Chargaff E. Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl In DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.

D-Erwin Chargaff

Each of the following is a modification of the sentence THECATATETHERAT. A.THERATATETHECAT B. THETACATETHERAT C. THECATARETHERAT D. THECATATTHERAT E. CATATETHERAT Which of the above is analogous to a frameshift mutation?

D. THECATATHEART

Refer to the list of enzymes below to answer the following questions. The answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. helicase B. nuclease C. ligase D. DNA polymerase I E. primase removes the RNA nucleotides from the primer and adds equivalent DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of Okazaki fragments

DNA polymerase I

A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5' to 3' direction because

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3' end.

Which of the following is not a part of the eukaryotic transcription initiation complex?

snRNP

Refer to the list of enzymes below to answer the following questions. The answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. helicase B. nuclease C. ligase D. DNA polymerase I E. primase covalently connects segments of DNA

ligase

Refer to the list of enzymes below to answer the following questions. The answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. helicase B. nuclease C. ligase D. DNA polymerase I E. primase separates the DNA strands during replication

helicase

What kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix?

hydrogen

Which of the following help to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated?

single-strand binding proteins

Garrod hypothesized that "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur because

genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes

Which of the following are transcribed from DNA? a. protein b. exons c. rRNA d. B and C only e. A, B, and C

B & C only

Match the investigator(s) to the appropriate discovery of about the nature of genes. A. Frederick Griffith B. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase C. Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty, and Colin MacLeod D. Erwin Chargaff E. Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl Phage with labeled proteins or DNA was allowed to infect bacteria. It was shown that the DNA, but not the protein, entered the bacterial cells, and was therefore the genetic material.

B-Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

A possible sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be

3' AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5'

Choose the answer that has these events of protein synthesis in the proper sequence. 1. An aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the A site. 2. A peptide bond forms between the new amino acid and a polypeptide chain. 3. tRNA leaves the P site, and the P site remains vacant. 4. A small ribosomal subunit binds with mRNA. 5. tRNA translocates to the P site.

4, 1, 2, 5, 3

A particular eukaryotic protein is 300 amino acids long. Which of the following could be the maximum number of nucleotides in the DNA that codes for the amino acids in this protein? a. 1,800

900

Replicating the lagging strand of DNA-that is, adding bases in the 3' to 5' direction-utilizes which of the following? a. DNA ligase b. RNA primers c. Okazaki fragments d. A and B only e. A, B, and C

A,B and C

For a couple of decades, biologists knew the nucleus contained DNA and proteins. The prevailing opinion was that the genetic material was proteins, and not DNA. The reason for this belief was that proteins are more complex than DNA. This is because a. proteins have a greater variety of three-dimensional forms than does DNA. b. proteins have two different levels of structural organization; DNA has four. c. proteins are made of 20 amino acids and DNA is made of four nucleotides. d. Only A and C are correct. e. A, B, and C are correct.

Only A and C are correct

What kind of molecule or substance is the primer that is used to initiate the synthesis of a new DNA strand?

RNA

The figure below represents tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance, phenylalanine). Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid?

UUC

Which of the following helps to stabilize mRNA by inhibiting its degradation? a. TATA box b. spliceosomes c. 5' cap d. poly-A tail e. both C and D

both C and D

What are ribosomes composed of? a. mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and protein b. proteins only c. both rRNA and protein d. rRNA only e. mRNA, rRNA, and protein

both rRNA and protein

A frameshift mutation could result from

either an insertion or a deletion of a base

A codon

may code for the same amino acid as another codon

What amino acid sequence will be generated, based on the following mRNA codon sequence? 5'AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG

met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu

Which of the following represents a similarity between RNA and DNA?

nucleotides consisting of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base

What is the sequence of a peptide based on the mRNA sequence 5' UUUUCUUAUUGUCUU 3' ?

phe-ser-tyr-cys-leu

Sickle-cell disease is probably the result of which kind of mutation?

point

Refer to the list of enzymes below to answer the following questions. The answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. helicase B. nuclease C. ligase D. DNA polymerase I E. primase synthesizes short segments of RNA

primase

A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5' CCG-ACG 3' (mRNA). The following activated transfer RNA molecules (with their anticodons shown in the 3' to 5' direction) are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form. tRNA Anticodon Amino Acid GGC Proline CGU Alanine UGC Threonine CCG Glycine ACG Cysteine CGG Alanine The dipeptide that will form will be Selected: a. proline-threonine. b. alanine-alanine. c. glycine-cysteine. d. threonine-glycine. e. cysteine-alanine.

proline-threonine

The DNA double helix has a uniform diameter because ____, which have two rings, always pair with ____, which have one ring.

purines; pyrimidines

What is an anticodon part of?

tRNA