Chapter 16: Disorders in Immunity

Human blood types fall into four distinct groups called the blood groups.

ABO

The four distinct types of blood are referred to as the ________ blood groups. CD MHC HLA ABO

ABO

Which of the following is the term used to describe a severe allergic reaction that can lead to severe respiratory and cardiac complications? Keratitis Gingivitis Anaphylaxis Atopic dermatitis

Anaphylaxis

_____ is the unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction to antigen that leads to severe respiratory and cardiac complications.

Anaphylaxis

_____ reactive to another blood type may exist in serum even though contact with other blood types has never occurred.

Antibodies or Antibody

Which of the following are involved in immune complex diseases? Antigen-antigen complexes Antibody-antigen complexes Antigen-receptor complexes Antibody-ligand complexes

Antibody-antigen complexes

________ is defined as a localized allergic reaction classified as type I involving IgE antibody; includes symptoms of hay fever, asthma, and skin rash. Edema Atopy Eczema Anaphylaxis Complement

Atopy

_____ is the general term for a localized type I allergic reaction.

Atopy or Hypersensitivity

________ is the production of antibodies against self antigens. Autoimmunity Type I hypersensitivity Immunogenicity Immunodeficiency Type IV hypersensitivity

Autoimmunity

Which of the following cell types is primarily responsible for graft rejection? Cytotoxic T cells Neutrophils B cells Plasma cells Macrophages

Cytotoxic T cells

Which of the following methods are commonly used to prevent type I allergic reactions? Desensitization therapy Avoiding the allergen Drug therapy Cross-matching of donors Removal of the thymus gland

Desensitization therapy Avoiding the allergen Drug therapy

Which of the following commonly involve type I allergies? Eczema Psoriasis Hay fever Drug allergy Food allergy Asthma Lupus Anaphylaxis

Eczema Hay fever Drug allergy Food allergy Asthma Anaphylaxis

Which of the following is NOT a possible sign or symptom of anaphylaxis? Itching Fever Convulsions Sneezing Difficulty breathing

Fever

Which of the following is NOT a main chemical mediator of the allergic response? Prostaglandins Leukotriene Platelet-activating factor Serotonin Glutamine Histamine Bradykinin

Glutamine

Type _____ hypersensitivities involve complement-assisted cell lysis by antibodies.

II, two, or 2

What name is given to diseases that result from an incompletely developed, suppressed, or destroyed immune system? Hyperimmunodeficiency disease Cell-mediated-deficiency disease Antibody-deficiency disease Immunodeficiency disease

Immunodeficiency disease

________ is the study of disease states associated with overreactivity or underreactivity of the immune response. Endocrinology Immunopathology Immunology Epidemiology

Immunopathology

Which of the following are potential mild and severe symptoms of anaphylaxis? Itching Sneezing Fever Convulsions Prostration Difficulties breathing Increased blood pressure

Itching Sneezing Convulsions Prostration Difficulties breathing

Which of the following conditions is not associated with type I allergic reactions? Hay fever Asthma Food allergy Eczema Lupus Drug allergy

Lupus

Which type of immunodeficiency disease is present at birth? Primary Acquired Secondary

Primary

Which of the following is not a method used to prevent type I allergic reactions? Avoiding the allergen Desensitization therapy Removal of the thymus gland Drug therapy

Removal of the thymus gland

Which of the following can trigger hemolytic disease in newborns due to incompatibility between maternal and infant blood components? ABO markers MNS markers XY factors Rh factor

Rh factor

The _____ _____ is an antigen on red blood cells that can trigger hemolytic disease in newborns due to incompatibility between maternal and infant blood components.

Rh, Rhesus, or D factor or antigen

______ immunodeficiency diseases are acquired after birth. Innate Primary Secondary

Secondary

The term ______ refers to an exaggerated immune response that is manifested by inflammation. immunocompetence complement fixation immunodeficiency allergy edema

allergy

A(n) _____ is an exaggerated immune response that is manifested by inflammation.

allergy or hypersensitivity

Immune complex diseases are triggered by the formation of free-floating _____-_____ complexes that can deposit in tissues.

antigen or Ag antibody or Ab

The pathological condition arising from the production of antibodies against autoantigens is called a(n) ________. autoimmune disease group translocation allergic reaction immunodeficiency disease

autoimmune disease

A(n) _____ disease is a pathological condition arising from the production of antibodies against self antigens.

autoimmune or autoimmunity

The production of antibodies against self antigens is referred to as _____.

autoimmunity

Immune complex deposition in the ________ of epithelial tissues triggers the tissue damage that is characteristic of Type III hypersensitivity reactions. epidermal layer secretory epithelia basement membrane mucus membrane

basement membrane

Tissue destruction occurs in type III reactions when immune complexes deposit in the _____ _____ of epithelial tissues.

basement or basal membrane or lamina

Type II hypersensitivities involve ______. deposition of immune complexes reactions mediated by IgE complement-assisted cell lysis by antibodies cell-mediated destruction of foreign cells

complement-assisted cell lysis by antibodies

The primary cell type responsible for host rejection of a graft is the _____ T cell.

cytotoxic

Type IV hypersensitivities are called cell-mediated or _____ hypersensitivities.

delayed

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are _____. delayed immediate

delayed

A(n) _____ disease is defined as a state in which immune function is incompletely developed, suppressed or destroyed.

immunodeficiency or hyposensitivity

The study of disease states associated with overreactivity or underreactivity of the immune response is called ______.

immunopathology

Allergies can be diagnosed by ________ methods. in vivo in vitro in vivo and in retardo in retardo in vivo and in vitro

in vivo and in vitro

Secondary immune deficiency is acquired through_____ , organic disease, _____, or _____.

infection chemotherapy radiation

The four ways in which secondary immune deficiency diseases are acquired are ______. infection sex-linked genes agglutination radiation autoantibodies lack of thymus function chemotherapy organic disease

infection radiation chemotherapy organic disease

Blood serum ________ contain preformed antibodies to A and B antigens without prior exposure to the antigens. cannot may

may

The main chemical mediators involved in the allergic response include ______. platelet-activating factor histamine serotonin leukotriene glutamine coagulase prostaglandins hyaluronidase bradykinin

platelet-activating factor histamine serotonin leukotriene prostaglandins bradykinin

Immunodeficiencies that are based on genetic errors and present at birth (congenital) are called _____ immunodeficiencies.

primary

Subsequent encounters with the same allergen are referred to as _____ doses.

provacative

The subsequent exposure to an allergen that triggers an allergic reaction is called a(n) ________. primary dose trojan dose initial dose sensitizing dose provocative dose

provocative dose

Immunodeficiencies that are acquired after birth are called _____ immunodeficiencies..

secondary

The _____ dose is the initial exposure to an allergen that stimulates an immune response.

sensitizing

The initial effective exposure to an antigen or an allergen that stimulates an immune response but generally elicits no symptoms is called a(n) ________. anamnestic dose provocative dose subsequent dose trojan dose sensitizing dose

sensitizing dose

Both in _____ and in _____ methods can be used to diagnose allergies.

vitro vivo