Chapter 16 - History

What compromise brought a temporary stop in the debate over slavery?

1820 - Missouri Compromise

Lincoln was largely unknown before which election ?

1858 congressional election

Lincoln and ___ other candidates ran for president in 1860

3

the line that marked the division between slave states and non-slave states

36°30′ North Latitude

Why did the Republican Party form?

After the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Democratic Party began to divide along sectional lines. Northern Democrats left the party. Differing views over slavery also split the Whig Party. Then, antislavery Whigs and Democrats joined with Free-Soilers to form the Republican Party.

What events led to "Bleeding Kansas"?

Armed pro-slavery supporters crossed the border from Missouri just to vote; the pro-slavery group won.

name used in 1856 newspaper stories about events in Lawerence, Kansas

Bleeding Kansas

In May 1856, slavery supporters attacked the town of Lawrence, an antislavery stronghold. Antislavery forces retaliated. John Brown led an attack that killed five supporters of slavery.

Bleeding Kansas the Civil War in Kansas

Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky suggested a compromise. What did it involve?

California would be a free state, but other new territories would have no limits on slavery. In addition, the slave trade, but not slavery itself, would be illegal in Washington, D.C. Clay also pushed for a stronger fugitive slave law.

Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois solved the problem. He divided Clay's plan into parts, each to be voted on separately. Fillmore had several Whigs abstain, or not vote, on the parts they opposed.

Compromise of 1850

He introduced the Wilmot Proviso.

David Wilmot

Which of these accusations did Douglas make against Lincoln ?

Douglas claimed that Lincoln wanted African Americans to be fully equal to whites.

Write a paragraph with an overview of what caused the Missouri Compromise to be repealed in the 1850s.

Douglas hoped to make his plan acceptable to both the North and South. He proposed repealing the Missouri Compromise and letting the voters in each territory vote on whether to allow slavery. He called his proposal "popular sovereignty." Northerners protested. The plan allowed slavery in areas that had been free for years. Southerners supported the bill. They expected Kansas to be settled mostly by slaveholders from Missouri. They would, of course, vote to keep slavery legal. With some support from Northern Democrats and the backing of President Pierce, the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed in 1854.

Which of the following relates to a Supreme court decision that ruled that the Constitution protected slavery ?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Which was the first states to vote to secede from the Union ?

South Carolina

Which of those concepts did secessionists use to support their views ?

States' rights

an idea used by the Southern states in 1861 to justify spearing from the Union

States' rights

What happened when Texas entered into the Union?

Texas's entry into the Union angered the Mexican government. Matters worsened when the two countries disputed the boundary between Texas and Mexico. At the same time, support was growing in the South for taking over California and New Mexico. President Polk tried to buy these territories from the Mexican government, but failed. All these issues helped lead to the Mexican War.

Why was the Dred Scott case important?

The Dred Scott case was important because instead of deciding the case on its legal merits, the Supreme Court ruled that, as a slave, Dred Scott was not a citizen and had no right to petition the Court.

What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´.

Why did the Dred Scott decision say voters could not ban slavery?

The Missouri Compromise, that banned slavery north of 36°30' N latitude, was unconstitutional, and so was popular sovereignty. Not even voters could ban slavery because it would mean taking someone's property.

a person who dies for a great cause

martyr

interconnected system

network

Even though his name was not on the ballot in most Southern states, Lincoln was elected U.S. president because the North was more ___.

populace

what approach did senator Stephen A. Douglas propose as an alternate to the Missouri Compromise ?

popular sovereignty

to control

regulate

to refuse to accept

reject

White southerns feared that the 1860 victories by Lincoln's __ Party would result in slave revolts.

republican

firm and inflexible

rigid

to make formal withdrawal from a state of an alliance

secede

After the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency the Southern States debated the question of ___, or withdrawing from the Union.

secession

The issue of __ created a break in the Democratic Party during the 1860 presidential election

slavery

Which event marked the beginning of the civil war ?

the attack at Fort Sumter

subject of discussion

topic

True or False An arsenal is a storage site for weapon

true

True or False The Know-Nothings choose Millard Fillmore as their candidate in the 1858 presidential election

true

True or False the American party grew quickly due to its anti-immigrant views

true

Why did John Brown raid the arsenal at Harpers Ferry?

He hoped to arm enslaved African Americans and start a revolt against slaveholders. Abolitionists had paid for the raid.

What was John Crittenden's proposal to save the Union?

He proposed a series of constitutional amendments and Congressional legislation aimed at averting war. * The Missouri Compromise line (36˚30' north latitude) be extended through the territories to California; north of the line were to be free states and slave states to the south * Congress would not attempt to regulate slavery where it then existed * Congress would provide compensation for the owners of fugitive slaves

"Civil Disobedience," He wrote that if the law "requires you to be the agent [cause] of injustice to another, then I say, break the law."

Henry David Thoreau

Which party did the Antislavery Whigs, Democrats, and Free-Soilers join together to form?

Republican Party

He offered another idea, saying that neither Congress nor any territorial government could ban slavery from a territory or regulate i

Senator John C. Calhoun

He introduced a bill to settle the issue of slavery in the territories called the Kansas-Nebraska Act. President Pierce approved.

Senator Stephen A. Douglas

What political compromises were made because of slavery?

Missouri Compromise

Did Senator John C. Calhoun and David Wilmot bills pass?

Neither bill passed, but both caused heated debate. By the 1848 presidential election, the United States had taken California and New Mexico from Mexico but took no action on slavery in those territories.

Why is Jefferson filled with terror by the momentous question?

Thomas Jefferson was referring to the Missouri Compromise. The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to come in as a slave state and Maine to come in as a non-slave state to try and keep the balance of free and slave states. A few stipulations were attached to the acceptance; No slavery from the rest of the Louisiana Purchase north of Missouri's southern border and slavery in Arkansas Territory and Missouri. The issue arose when the pro-slavery factions demanded a sectionalism based proposal, requesting that Missouri have the right to deny free blacks and mulattoes into the state. This request violates the requirement of Article IV, Section 2 of the Federal Constitution, stating that all citizens have the right to privileges and immunities in all states. Had this proposal been accepted and adhered it would be a "knell of the Union". It would be seen as regressing rather than progressing in the anti - slavery equality movement.

Who formed the Free-Soil Party and why?

Those who opposed slavery formed the Free-Soil Party because they wanted to nominate someone who was against slavery and could make a bill that opposed slavery.

Free African Americans and whites formed a network, or interconnected system, called the ... to help runaways find their way to freedom.

Underground Railroad

a storage site used to house weapons

arsenal

The Wilmot provision called for

banning slavery in any lands the U.S. acquired from Mexico.

Which term refers to pro-slavery activists who crossed the Kansas border to vote ?

border ruffians

What is the name for a war between citizens of the same country ?

civil war

an armed conflict between citizens of the same country

civil war

included the fugitive slave act

compromise of 1850

True or False Lincoln believed slavery was moral

false

True or False pro-slavery groups considered John Brown a martyr

false

a person who flees or runs away

fugitive

to provide an explanation for

justify

Which of these was the third state to secede from the Union ?

Florida

He became president in 1853. He intended to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act.

Franklin Pierce

Kansas established laws supporting slavery; slavery opponents refused to accept the laws.

Fugitive Act of 1850

Anyone who helped a fugitive could be fined or imprisoned. Some Northerners refused to obey the new law. Northern juries refused to convict people accused of breaking the new law. People gave money to buy freedom for enslaved people. .

Fugitive Slave Act

He was a diplomat and former member of Congress. He tried to appeal to Southern whites. The Democratic Party endorsed the idea of popular sovereignty.

James Buchanan

Was nominated for president and called for the annexation of Texas at the earliest possible time.

James K. Polk

Who was the first president of the confederate stated of America ?

Jefferson Davis

Who led a raid on a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia ?

John Brown

violent abolitionist

John Brown

In which state did rival pro-slavery and antislavery governments exists at the same time

Kansas

put the issue of slavery to popular vote

Kansas-Nebraska Act

grew quickly between 1853 and 1856 by attacking immigrants. Yet this party was also divided over the issue of the Kansas- Nebraska Act. When the ... refused to call for a repeal of the act, many northern supporters left the party.

Know-Nothings Party

Why did Lincoln decide not to send armed troops to Fort Sumter?

Lincoln responded in a message to Governor Francis Pickens of South Carolina that he was sending an unarmed group to the fort with supplies. He promised Union forces would not "throw in men, arms, or ammunition" unless they were fired upon.