Chapter- 16 HW https://quizlet.com/_3g6tak

Which of the following is not a mechanism that raises the body temperature when the body is invaded by pathogens?

* Dilation of blood vessels- right one Shivering Increased metabolic rate Constriction of blood vessels

What is the function of inflammation in response to a burn from a hot iron?

To destroy the agent causing injury, to limit the effects of the agent on the rest of the body, and to repair the damaged tissue To destroy the agent causing injury * To repair the damaged tissue- right one To limit the effects of the agent on the rest of the body

If a new bacterial pathogen entered a human body through an accidental needle stick, the first cell that would try to kill the pathogen would likely be

a phagocyte.

The process by which a phagocyte moves toward a chemical signal at the site of an infection is called

chemotaxis.

Pus is comprised of

dead phagocytes.

Innate immunity does not:

have responses that are activated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). refer to defenses that are present at birth. * involve a memory response.- right one include skin and mucous membranes among its components.

How do Helicobacter pylori violate the body's first line of defense?

pylori bacteria neutralize stomach acid.

A response that is uniquely directed against pathogenic Bordetella pertussis would involve what component?

Antibodies

Which of the following can release histamines?

Cells from damaged tissues Wood from a splinter The complement system * Cells from damaged tissues and the complement pathway - right one Invading bacterial cells

Microbial products, leukocyte components, damaged tissue cells, and peptides from complement are responsible for which of the following processes or phases of the mechanism of phagocytosis?

Chemotaxis

Which of the following phagocytic processes occurs last in the sequence?

Chemotaxis of the phagocyte to the site of infection Formation of the phagolysosome Adherence * Exocytosis - right one.

phagocytosis is defined as

the ingestion of solid material by a eukaryotic cell.

Diapedesis is

the migration of phagocytes through blood vessels to the site of tissue damage.

Both the innate and adaptive defenses of the immune system work to prevent

the penetration and colonization by pathogens, and the diseases they cause.

Which cells directly attack abnormal cells in the body?

Cytotoxic T cells

Regarding the mechanism of phagocytosis, which of the following events occurs prior sequentially first and foremost to all the others?

Enzymatic digestion of the ingested microbe * Phagosome formation- right one Residual body formation Phagolysosome formation

If one is examining a blood smear from a patient with a parasitic worm infection, which of the following leukocytes would most likely be found in abundance, significantly increased over the number that would be found in a normal blood smear?

Eosinophils - major function of eosinophils is to produce toxic proteins against certain parasites, such as helminths

What does the plasma membrane of a phagocyte attach to on a microorganism?

Glycoproteins

According to the animation, B cells interact directly with

Helper T cells

Mucous membranes are a part of which defense mechanism?

Innate defense

Why is vasodilation important to tissue repair?

It allows for an increased delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and phagocytes to the site of damage.

An inflammatory response would result from which of the following?

Jellyfish sting

Diapedesis occurs during which stage of inflammation?

Phagocyte migration and phagocytosis

According to the animation, antibodies directly interact with which innate defenses?

Phagocytosis and the complement system

During the ingestion phase of phagocytosis, the phagocyte's pseudopods meet and fuse, surrounding the microorganism with a sac called a(n) ______.

Phagosome

How is phagocytosis in the immune system different from protozoan phagocytosis?

Protozoan phagocytosis is used for feeding; phagocytosis by immune cells is used to fight infection.

Which of the following defense systems would be involved in eliminating virally-infected cells?

T lymphocytes

If a person turns their ankle, how would one determine if damage to the tissue in the ankle has occurred?

The ankle is red, swollen, and warm to the touch.

What is a phagolysosome?

The structure that results from the fusion of a phagosome and a lysosome.

What direct effect do histamines and leukotrienes have on capillaries?

They allow capillary walls to open and become leaky.

First line defenses have what aspect in common with each other?

They are physical barriers against invading pathogens.

What is the role of opsonins?

They create "handles" that make it easier for the pseudopods of phagocytes to attach to the microbe invader.