Chapter 16

According to the Supreme Court in the Civil Rights Cases (1883) why was Congress unable to prohibit discrimination in public accommodations?

Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they tend to be owned by private individuals.

What justification grounded the Supreme Court's decision to overturn the separate but equal doctrine?

Segregated schools stigmatize minority children and are inherently unequal.

In which of the following instances would a company be most likely to be absolved of liability for the sexually harassing behavior of a supervisor?

The company had a solid and well-communicated harassment policy, but the victim failed to report the behavior within a reasonable amount of time.

Which of the following statements about women in political office is accurate?

The percentage of women holding public office has steadily increased since the 1970s.

In what ways are the Fourteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 similar?

They both sought equal rights for African Americans.

Under the Fourteenth Amendment, states are prohibited from doing which of the following?

depriving anyone of life, liberty, or property arbitrarily

Why did southern states enact poll taxes?

get around 15th amendment

In which of the following cases would the Supreme Court use the intermediate standard of review to determine a potential violation of the equal protection clause?

having different minimum ages for men and women to marry

Under the intermediate scrutiny standard, government enactments that relied on gender would be constitutional under what condition?

if the use of gender were substantially related to an important governmental interest

Which of the following accurately describes a difference between de jure and de facto segregation/discrimination in the United States?

De jure segregation/discrimination is now fairly rare; de facto segregation/discrimination is now fairly common.

The Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas (2003) primarily enhanced the civil liberties of which group?

Gay and Lesbian

With respect to the U.S. Constitution, which of the following statements is accurate?

It pays little attention to guarantees of equality, and even includes provisions sustaining the institution of slavery and the noncitizen status of Native Americans.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to overturn which of the following?

Jim Crow laws

Which of the following is an example of de jure segregation?

Jim Crowe Laws

Why did Congress pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

because it was clear that the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment

What does the Lilly Ledbetter Act do?

makes it easier for someone to sue over gender-based pay discrimination

De facto segregation and discrimination is discrimination in __________.

practice

In Shelby County v. Holder (2013) the Supreme Court overturned a key portion of which of the following laws that required states to pre-clear any changes to their election laws with the Department of Justice?

the 1965 Voting Rights Act

What provision of the Fourteenth Amendment serves as a cornerstone of our understanding of civil rights?

the equal protection clause

Which of the following is required of states as a result of the Fourteenth Amendment?

to guarantee equal protection of the law and due process of the law