Chapter 16 Lecture Exam

Which letter corresponds to the structure that produces over two dozen corticosteroids, including aldosterone? A: A B: B C: C D: D E: E

C: C

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is A: TSH B: ACTH C: FSH D: LH E: GH

C: FSH

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is A: cortisol B: somatotropin C: insulin D: glucagon E: aldosterone

C: insulin

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is A: somatotropin B: cortisol C: insulin D: glucagon E: erythropoietin

C: insulin

Regulatory hormones that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are released by neurons at the ____ of the hypothalamus A: paraventricular nuclei B: supra optic nuclei C: median eminence D: infundibulum E: geniculate bodies

C: median eminence

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the A: follicle B: lobe C: medulla D: cortex E: infundibulum

C: medulla

Which letter corresponds to the structure that is the storage area for hormones produced by the hypothalamus? A: A B: B C: C D: D E: E

A: A

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is A: TSH B: ACTH C: FSH D: LH E: GH

A: TSH

Peptide hormones are A: composed of amino acids B: produced by the adrenal glands C: derived from the amino acid tyrosine D: lipids E: chemically related to cholesterol

A: composed of amino acids

Which of the following is mismatched? A: direct communication - small solutes travel through gap junctions B: paracrine communication - molecules released in local area C: endocrine communication - target cells are directly adjacent to each other D: autocrine communication - limited to the cell that secretes the chemical signal E: synaptic communication - uses neurotransmitters that cross synapses

A: direct communication

The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways A: endocrine B: cardiovascular C: body D: muscular E: integumentary

A: endocrine

The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ______ and _________ systems A: endocrine; nervous B: cardiovascular; nervous C: renal; endocrine D: nervous; renal E: endocrine; lymphatic

A: endocrine; nervous

Alpha cells are to _________ as beta cells are to ________ A: glucagon; insulin B: somatoinsulin; insulin C: insulin; glucagon D: glucagon; somatostatin E: pancreatic polypeptide; insulin

A: glucagon; insulin

________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues A: hormones B: neuropeptides C: neurotransmitters D: paracrine factors E: none of the answers are correct

A: hormones

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce _________ which _________ blood sugar A: insulin; lowers B: glucagon; lowers C: insulin; raises D: glucagon; raises E: insulin; has no effect on

A: insulin; lowers

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormone from the adrenal cortex is A: TSH B: ACTH C: FSH D: LH E: GH

B: ACTH

Which letter corresponds to the structure that is activated when TSH is released from he anterior pituitary? A: A B: B C: C D: D E: E

B: B

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that A: stimulates the formation of white blood cells B: increases the level of calcium ions in the blood C: increase the level of sodium ions in the blood D: increases the level of potassium ions in the blood E: increases the level of glucose in the blood

B: increases the level of calcium ions in the blood

Check out the figure below. Which type of hormone system are we looking at? A: water soluble B: lipid soluble C: both A and B

B: lipid soluble

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by A: direct neural stimulation B: indirect osmotic control C: secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system D: altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary E: gap synaptic junctions

C: secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system

Receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except A: catecholamines B: peptide hormones C: steroid hormones D: eicosanoids E: tryptophan derivatives

C: steroid hormones

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the A: kidneys B: heart C: thyroid gland D: gonads E: pituitary gland

C: thyroid gland

When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes A: ATP is consumed B: cAMP is formed C: cAMP is broken down D: ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed E: none of the answers are correct

D: ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed

Which letter corresponds to the structure that responds to either increases or decreases in blood sugar levels? A: A B: B C: C D: D E: E

D: D

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually A: cAMP B: cGMP C: ATP D: a G protein E: calcium ion levels

D: a G protein

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the A: follicle B: lobe C: medulla D: cortex E: infundibulum

D: cortex

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex, A: adenylyl cyclase is activated B: cAMP is formed C: G proteins are phosphorylated D: gene transcription is initiated E: ion channels are opened

D: gene transcription is initiated

The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the A: thyroid gland B: pancreas C: adrenal glands D: hypothalamus E: thymus gland

D: hypothalamus

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is A: insulin B: glucagon C: growth hormone D: parathryoid hormone E: thyroid hormone

D: parathyroid hormone

Cells can respond to ______ hormones at a time A: only one B: one or two C: two D: several

D: several

The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney A: parathyroid B: thyroid C: salivary D: suprarenal E: pituitary

D: suprarenal

Which letter corresponds to the structure that produces the hormones that promote the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty? A: A B: B C: C D: D E: E

E: E

An activated G protein can trigger all of the following except A: the opening of calcium ion channels in the membrane B: the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores C: a fall in cAMP levels D: a rise in cAMP levels E: an increase ATP production

E: an increase ATP production

TSH plays a key role in _________ of thyroid hormones A: only the inhibition B: only the production C: only the release D: both inhibiting and production E: both production and release

E: both production and release