chapter 16

Kimberly has just joined a Big Sister program where she will serve as a role model to a little girl in her neighborhood. Kimberly's role is that of __________. A. an enforcer B. an impactor C. an enhancer D. an informer

B

Losing your job as a result of testing positive in a drug test might be construed as a violation of your right to__________. A. free speech B. due process C. carry a firearm D. vote in the next presidential election

B

For abusers of alcohol and other drugs, involvement in an accident on the job is __________. A. less likely, relative to nonabusers B. more likely, relative to nonabusers C. about as likely as with nonabusers D. paradoxically almost non-existent

B

For abusers of alcohol and other drugs, requests for early work dismissal or time off are __________. A. less likely, relative to nonabusers B. more likely, relative to nonabusers C. about as likely as with nonabusers D. paradoxically non-existent

B

Midnight basketball and Boys/Girls Clubs fall under the category of __________ in community-based prevention programs. A. values clarification B. impacting C. alternative student activities D. peer-refusal skills

C

Which of the following would NOT be a risk factor for the CASASTART program? A. religious activity B. poverty C. gang membership D. truancy

A

The positive impact the media could have in substance abuse prevention has been undermined in the 1990s by __________. A. a decline in cable TV ratings B. the growth of pro-drug information on Internet web sites C. the significant rise in media interest with regard to drug abuse issues D. all of the above

B

The principal criterion for a school-based prevention program's success is __________. A. the support it enjoys from parents and students B. the support it enjoys from parents and teachers C. the extent to which drug-taking behavior shows a decline D. the extent to which teachers and parents show a change in their pattern of drug-taking behavior

C

Which of the following professionals teach students about drug information and self-management techniques in the DARE program? A. physicians B. former drug users C. police officers D. school psychologists

C

A school teacher is trying to choose the best substance abuse prevention program for her class. The school principal gave her a list of different programs to choose from. Which of the following would be the best program the teacher could choose? A. Values Clarification 101 B. Self-Esteem Enhancement Seminar C. The Magic Bullet: A School Production on the Dangers of Drugs D. Peer Refusal: How to Just Say No

D

Affective education refers to an approach in prevention programs that deals with __________. A. poor decision-making skills B. poor interpersonal communication skills C. low self-esteem D. all of the above

D

A significant problem with widespread drug testing in the workplace is the matter of __________. A. false positives B. promotions and salary increases based upon "clean" urine tests C. a racial bias D. an inclination to ignore drug test results

A

Substance abuse prevention refers to __________. A. illicit drugs and alcohol prevention B. aspirin, Tylenol, and other decongestant prevention C. amphetamines, tobacco, and other drug prevention D. Ativan, Thorazine, and other drug prevention

A

The U.S. federal agency charged with prevention programs is known as __________. A. CLASP B. CSAP C. USSAP D. CFDC

B

A program that reduces the likelihood of relapse among former heroin abusers would fit under the category of __________. A. primary prevention B. secondary prevention C. tertiary prevention D. all of the above

C

A refinement of the "just say no" approach in primary prevention is __________. A. the examination of the reasons for low self-esteem B. the clarification of one's personal values C. the teaching of peer-refusal skills D. the instilling of purpose in an individual's life

C

According to the principle of supply and demand, reducing the availability of drugs on the street makes them __________. A. more socially unacceptable B. less costly C. more costly D. more accessible to young children

C

Prevention of relapse is the goal for which category of prevention? A. primary prevention B. secondary prevention C. tertiary prevention D. all of the above

C

Drug testing has been typically challenged on the basis of __________. A. the Judeo-Christian tradition B. the Helsinki Accords C. the Geneva Convention D. the U.S. Constitution

D

Joe is at a party with friends and he is asked if he would like a marijuana joint. Joe does not want to use drugs. Among the following possibilities, which one should Joe NOT do? A. Change the subject. B. Walk away from his friends. C. Suggest an alternate activity to do. D. Discuss in detail why he does not want to smoke marijuana.

D

LST program participants have demonstrated results including __________. A. reductions in violence and delinquency B. reduction in risky driving behavior C. reduction in HIV-risk behaviors D. all of the above

D

Mandatory minimum sentencing laws have resulted in __________. A. overcrowded prisons B. a decrease in drug trafficking in the United States C. an overloaded judicial system D. both A and C

D

A sociocultural filter is __________. A. a set of considerations specific to a culture or community that influences the reception of public information B. an approach that is particularly inadvisable when trying to communicate with a particular culture or community C. a type of enabling behavior that reduces the effectiveness of a drug abuse prevention program D. the level of abuse potential in a drug within a specific culture or community

A

About one-half of all preventable deaths in the United States can be accounted for by the abuse of __________. A. alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drugs B. alcohol abuse alone C. tobacco abuse alone D. illicit drug abuse alone

A

According to the text, a PDFA survey of parents and their teenage children shows that __________. A. though parents believe they discussed drugs with their children, the children said they did not B. parents and their teenage children do not benefit from anti-drug media campaigns C. teenagers are not influenced by their parents when it comes to drug use D. parent's perceptions of their children's drug use are fairly accurate

A

According to the text, the best-known school-based substance abuse prevention program in the United States is __________. A. DARE B. SPARK C. LST D. MADD

A

An educational program that included "ways to say no" would fit under the category of __________. A. primary prevention B. secondary prevention C. tertiary prevention D. all of the above

A

An examination of counterarguments regarding the image of drugs in the media would be considered a ________ component of the LST program. A. decision-making B. cognitive C. self-directed behavioral change D. social skills and assertiveness skills

A

Assistance with any problem associated with alcohol, tobacco, and other drug abuse can be found via numerous __________. A. web sites on the Internet B. notices on telephone poles C. help desks at clubs and bars D. advertisements by the League to Decriminalize Marijuana

A

If efforts are made to prevent drug-taking behavior from occurring when it has not occurred up to now, then these efforts are referred to as __________. A. primary prevention B. secondary prevention C. tertiary prevention D. all of the above

A

In the Latino community, a component of machismo is __________. A. being a good father B. being highly religious C. being pure and disciplined D. being inclined to self-pity and doubt

A

Learning to evaluate the role of the media in shaping behavior would be considered a _____ component of the LST program. A. decision-making B. cognitive C. self-directed behavioral change D. social skills

A

Objective-information approaches in drug abuse prevention fit under the category of __________. A. primary prevention B. secondary prevention C. tertiary prevention D. all of the above

A

One element of the U.S. Constitution that is relevant to the legal basis for drug testing is __________. A. one's freedom from unreasonable search and seizure B. one's freedom of speech C. one's freedom of religion D. one's freedom from fear

A

Peer-refusal training has been shown to be most effective for __________. A. high-risk youngsters B. high-school dropouts C. prison inmates D. religious education leaders

A

Raising the legal drinking age to twenty-one across all states has been carried out to __________. A. reduce the availability of drugs B. impose punitive measures C. impose scare tactics D. include a decision-making component in alcohol-abuse prevention

A

Reducing the availability of alcohol to minors __________. A. affects some of the adverse consequences of drinking in this population B. reduces the incidence of drinking in this population C. can increase the percentage of teenage, nighttime, single-vehicle accident fatalities D. none of the above

A

Research regarding the effectiveness of specific components of drug prevention efforts has indicated that alternative-behavior programming is __________. A. a quite successful component B. highly overrated C. workable only for very young children D. effective and a common feature of practically all prevention programs

A

Resilience is the inclination to resist the__________ in one's life through the ________. A. negative impact of risk factors; positive impact of protective factors B. positive impact of risk factors; negative impact of protective factors C. positive impact of risk factors; positive impact of protective factors D. negative impact of risk factors; negative impact of protective factors

A

Students learning ways to lessen anxiety and practice relaxation techniques would be undergoing a _____ component of the LST program. A. stress-reduction B. decision-making C. self-directed behavioral change D. social skills

A

The 1988 Drug-Free Workplace Act requires companies and businesses to provide a drug-free workplace environment if __________. A. they receive any U.S. federal contracts or grants B. they earn more than $10 million in profits each year C. they have male employees only D. they are located within the continental U.S.

A

The average American adolescent listens to ____ of popular music per day, and there are approximately ___ explicit references to substance use heard during this time. A. 2.4 hours; 84 B. 1.2 hours; 22 C. 9.5 hours; 175 D. 14.4 hours; 275

A

The evidence that DARE has made an impact on drug use behaviors among students and parents is __________. A. weak B. quite strong C. stronger on the East Coast than the West Coast D. stronger in the South than the North

A

The extent of experience in drug-taking behavior among college students makes it inappropriate to focus upon __________. A. primary prevention B. secondary prevention C. tertiary prevention D. drug-free dormitories

A

The life skills training (LST) program was originally developed for youngsters in __________. A. New York City B. Kansas City C. North Carolina D. California and Oregon

A

The preventive program approach that is based on emotions rather than behavior is __________. A. affective education B. magic bullet C. supply/availability D. reefer madness

A

The research concerning the effectiveness of the LST prevention program indicates that __________. A. there are short-term effects and long-term effects B. there are neither short-term nor long-term effects C. there are long-term effects but, strangely enough, fewer short-term effects D. there are relatively small short-term and more substantial long-term effects

A

Values clarification has been criticized on the basis that __________. A. morality should not be taught in public schools B. morality has no relevance to decisions to engage in drug-taking behavior C. youngsters already know where their lives are going D. emotional and attitudinal change can actually make the situation worse

A

__________is(are) the first line of defense against alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. A. The family B. Community-based prevention programs C. School-based prevention programs D. The child, himself (or herself)

A

A discussion about alternatives to drinking among high-school students already exposed to alcohol in some form would fit under the category of __________. A. primary prevention B. secondary prevention C. tertiary prevention D. all of the above

B

A major feature of today's college students in the United States that is relevant for drug abuse prevention programs is __________. A. their homogeneity B. their extreme diversity C. their relatively high level of apathy D. the attention college administrators give to drinking behaviors

B

Adolescents with the highest risk of using drugs are __________. A. those in the best position to benefit from a school-based prevention program B. those in the best position to benefit from a community-based prevention program C. those in the best position to benefit from any prevention program D. those in the worst position to benefit from impactors in a prevention program

B

An effective drug prevention program on a college campus should emphasize __________. A. the restriction of alcohol drinking to certain designated areas and times B. the importance of drug prevention for college professors as well as college students C. the establishment of activities where drug-taking behavior can be carefully supervised D. the separation of public information about drugs and curriculum materials in the classroom

B

An examination of short-term consequences of substance abuse and a brief examination of long- term health consequences would be considered a _____ component of the LST program. A. decision-making B. cognitive C. self-directed behavioral change D. social skills

B

An examination of widely held myths about drugs in the LST prevention program would be considered a ________ component. A. decision-making B. cognitive C. self-directed behavioral change D. social skills

B

Analogy: A person on methadone maintenance is to a youngster naive to drug-taking behavior as __________. A. secondary prevention is to tertiary prevention B. tertiary prevention is to primary prevention C. primary prevention is to secondary prevention D. tertiary prevention is to secondary prevention

B

Analogy: Affective education is to negative education as __________. A. values are to interpersonal skills B. moral values are to scare tactics C. poor decision-making skills are to "just say no" D. punitive measures are to the supply/availability approach

B

Anxiety and stress reduction is an important element in substance abuse prevention because __________. A. peer-refusal skills are often overly developed B. adolescents often have inadequate coping skills to deal with anxiety C. it is important that adolescents understand federal and state penalties D. personal decision making is enhanced as a result

B

By definition, an impactor in a community-based prevention program would be __________. A. someone who has lived in the community all his or her life B. a positive role model C. an individual with a negative impact on the community D. a child or teenager who has turned to a life of illicit drugs

B

CASASTART is an example of a __________. A. therapeutic community B. community-based prevention program C. school-based prevention program D. program for rehabilitating federal prisoners

B

Children and adolescents frequently report that the single most important reason they resisted their peers' influence on drug-taking behavior was __________. A. fear of the police B. fear of their parents' reaction C. fear of what drugs might do to them D. none of the above

B

In general, if someone tests positive for drug use using EMIT, __________. A. the company will retest the person using GC/MS procedures B. the company is not required to do further testing C. the person must be immediately fired D. the company must send the person to a drug treatment program

B

Latino groups in the United States have the following characteristic that is relevant to the success of drug abuse prevention programs: __________. A. the extreme homogeneity in their backgrounds B. the image of the Latino father C. their strong rejection of religious institutions and their leaders D. none of the above

B

Objective-information approaches in prevention programs tend to be more effective for __________. A. high-risk young people B. low-risk young people C. tertiary interventions D. all age groups and circumstances

B

Preemployment drug screening of all federal employees is a result of __________. A. the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 B. an executive order by President Reagan in 1986 C. the 2006 Drug-Free Workplace Act D. a judgment by the American Management Association

B

Primary prevention programs are enhanced when education is combined with__________. A. twelve-step programs B. community action C. secondary prevention programs D. drug abuse rehabilitation

B

The "just the facts ma'am" approach would fit under the category of __________. A. negative education B. objective information approach C. promotional campaigns D. affective education

B

The DARE program has been criticized __________. A. for the increase in violence and delinquency in participants B. for advocating that children be questioned about possible drug offenders in their families C. for the increase in risky driving behavior in participants D. because most children who go through DARE continue to engage in drug use

B

The community-based approach which operates by substituting a negative and harmful dependence with a positive and harmless dependence is known as __________. A. an impactor B. alternative-behavior programming C. DARE D. LST

B

The philosophy of the supply/availability approach is that __________. A. increasing the drug supply will turn people off to drugs B. making drugs hard to get will discourage drug-taking behavior C. money spent on treatment is preferable to money spent on drug interdiction at the U.S. border D. all of the above

B

The population targeted by CASASTART is __________. A. children ages eight to thirteen with no prior risk factors B. children ages eight to thirteen with several prior risk factors C. children ages fifteen to eighteen with no prior risk factors D. children ages fifteen to eighteen with several prior risk factors

B

hich of the following would put a teen at the highest risk to engage in smoking, drinking, and illicit drug use? A. a teen who admits he is bored 50 percent of the time and doesn't perceive himself as being under stress B. a teen with $25 a week spending money and is often bored C. a teen who feels she is under high stress and has $15 spending money a week C. a teen who has $25 spending money a week but is seldom bored

B

A "just say no" T-shirt is considered to be a _______ in a primary prevention program. A. component of negative education B. punitive component C. magic bullet D. component of values clarification

C

A component of the LST program in which the student is assigned to identify a skill or behavior that he or she would like to improve and sets a goal for achieving that skill or behavior would be considered a ______ component. A. decision-making B. cognitive C. self-directed behavioral change D. social skills and assertiveness skills

C

According to the supply and demand principle, a decrease in supply results in __________. A. an increase in demand and a decrease in value B. a decrease in demand and an increase in value C. an increase in demand and an increase in value D. an increase in demand and no change in value

C

AlcoholEdu is __________. A. a web-based intervention being implemented in middle schools across the U.S. B. an intervention that has been proven largely ineffective C. an intervention that focuses on responsible drinking at the college level D. both A and C

C

Analogy: Negative education is to Reefer Madness as objective information approach is to __________. A. magic bullet B. "just say no" buttons C. "just the facts, ma'am" D. values clarification

C

DARE programs originated in 1983 as a police program in __________. A. New York City B. Chicago C. Los Angeles D. Kansas City

C

Drug prevention efforts for female alcoholism in a Latino community should take into account __________. A. the extremely low levels of female alcoholism in this community B. the low regard toward which Latina women are accorded C. the womanly ideals of purity, discipline, and self-sacrifice D. the sense of machismo in Latina women

C

Enhanced DARE differs from the DARE program because __________. A. the enhanced program is used for college students B. the enhanced program involves more lectures by police officers C. the enhanced program places a greater emphasis on student interaction D. the enhanced program is funded by the federal government and the DARE program is funded at the state level

C

In general, among the common drug testing procedures, __________. A. EMIT and GC/MS procedures have equivalent sensitivities B. EMIT is more sensitive than GC/MS C. GC/MS is more sensitive than EMIT D. both EMIT and GC/MS are virtually flawless in their sensitivity

C

Mandatory minimum-sentencing laws for drug offenders have __________. A. reduced the percentage of drug-related offenses B. reduced the amount of drugs smuggled into the country C. increased the number of prisoners held for drug-related offenses D. increased drug trafficking

C

Parents who do not end up participating in drug abuse prevention programs may be __________. A. already involved in drug abuse prevention at home B. highly knowledgeable about their children's involvement with drugs C. too out-of-control themselves D. all of the above Parents who do not end up participating in drug abuse prevention programs may be __________.

C

Presently, the percentage of illicit drugs interdicted at U.S. borders is __________. A. nearly 90 percent across the board B. 100 percent for cocaine, about 50 percent for marijuana C. very small D. 100 percent for cocaine and heroin

C

Showing scenes from Reefer Madness in a drug abuse prevention program would fit under the category of __________. A. a supply/availability approach B. classic film criticism C. negative education D. a punitive measure

C

The Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 required companies or businesses receiving major federal support to __________. A. report drug violations to the FBI B. schedule random drug tests of employees C. set up an ongoing awareness program for drug information and counseling opportunities D. all of the above

C

The NCADI stands for __________. A. the North Carolina Alcohol and Drug Institute B. the National Coalition for Alcoholism and Drugs Inc. C. the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information D. the National Coalition for Alcohol, Drugs, and Inhalants

C

With which of the following populations is there an emphasis on the seriousness of the issue of substance abuse? A. the elderly over sixty-five years old B. adolescents under eighteen years old C. college students D. adults around thirty to fifty years old

C

Alternative-behavior programming includes __________. A. experiences related to one's philosophy B. experiences related to interpersonal needs C. experiences related to physical work D. all of the above

D

An emphasis of the LST drug prevention program is the examination of __________. A. the long-term health consequences of drug use B. responsible strategies for alcohol drinking C. ways to avoid cocaine and heroin dependence D. none of the above

D

Analogy: Affective education is to values clarification as negative education is to __________. A. magic bullet B. "just the facts, ma'am" C. "just say no" buttons D. reefer madness

D

CASASTART's target population consists of __________. A. high school students with at least four risk factors B. adults with at least two risk factors C. kindergarten children with at least three risk factors D. students ages eight to thirteen with at least four risk factors

D

Community-based programs offer an advantage over school-based programs in that they are expected to __________. A. draw from multiple social institutions B. make use of impactors in the community C. be in a better position to promote changes in public policy D. all of the above

D

Demonstration, feedback, reinforcement, and behavioral rehearsal are strategies used in enhancing __________. A. self-esteem B. the ability to reduce anxiety and stress C. public approval for substance abuse prevention in general D. assertiveness skills

D

Randy just signed up for a program that teaches assertiveness skills. Randy should expect to learn __________. A. how to compliment others B. how to engage in conversation C. how to initiate social interactions D. all of the above

D

Students learning specific techniques to resist peer pressure would be undergoing a _____ component of the LST program. A. decision-making B. cognitive C. self-directed behavioral change D. social skills

D

Symptoms supervisors look for in employees that may indicate early stages of drug abuse include which of the following? A. on-the-job accidents B. avoidance of supervisors or coworkers C. making excuses excessively D. all of the above

D

The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees protection against __________. A. self-incrimination B. excessive federal taxes C. restrictions on free speech D. unreasonable search and seizure

D

The LST program is most effective for A. white middle-class students B. inner-city students C. minority students D. all of the above

D

The objective of the CASASTART program is __________. A. to build resilience in the child B. to make neighborhoods safer for families C. to strengthen families D. all of the above

D

The participation of police officers in DARE programs has emphasized a shift from their role in __________ toward a role in __________ with regard to drug abuse prevention. A. demand reduction; supply reduction B. social counseling; law enforcement C. external matters; internal matters D. supply reduction; demand reduction

D

The role that parents play with regard to influencing their children's substance abuse is __________. A. to convey accurate, sincere verbal messages about health risks B. to back up rules with consistent and logical consequences C. to provide alternatives to high-risk situations for their children D. all of the above

D

When drug production is reduced in one nation or region of the world, __________. A. there is an overall decline in that drug worldwide B. drug prices on the street decrease dramatically C. the nation or region in question prospers economically D. other nations or regions fill in the vacuum

D

Which of the following factors increase(s) the likelihood of a teen engaging in smoking, drinking, and illicit drug use? A. his or her perception of how much stress he or she is under B. the frequency with which he or she is bored C. the amount of spending money he or she has for the week D. all of the above

D

Which of the following protective factors applies(apply) to drug use among African-American youths? A. steady employment B. strong family ties C. remaining in school D. all of the above

D