Chapter 16 Quiz
Why did Charles Fourier consign dirty jobs such as cleaning latrines to adolescents? a.) He believed that adolescents liked to muck about in filth. b.) He believed that in the interest of harmony, everyone had to work. c.) He believed that adolescents would move on to better jobs after they had proved themselves. d.) He believed that all work was ennobling, and the young should be taught this at an early age.
Correct Answer: A.) He believed that adolescents liked to muck about in filth.
Hong Xiuquan believed that he was: a.) Jesus's younger brother sent to rid the world of evil. b.) the heir to the tradition of Muhammad. c.) an administrative prodigy who could reform Qing governance. d.) a representative leader of the Chinese peasantry.
Correct Answer: A.) Jesus's younger brother sent to rid the world of evil.
Both Chinese and Native American rebellions were inspired by popular religious movements. a.) True b.) False
Correct Answer: A.) True
How did the British change their approach to ruling India after 1857? a.) The British restored control of cotton manufacturing to India. b.) The British began to use railroads, roads, and telegraph lines to link the region together. c.) India came under the British crown's direct control. d.) The British stopped allowing Indians to serve in the British army.
Correct Answer: C.) India came under the British crown's direct control.
What change did the British East India Company make in its approach to ruling India during the 1840s? a.) It encouraged the Mughal emperor to rule as an absolute monarch. b.) It ceded its control of India to the British crown. c.) It annexed more land and stripped native aristocrats of their privileges. d.) It banned the practice of the Hindu religion in India.
Correct Answer: C.) It annexed more land and stripped native aristocrats of their privileges.
Which of the following 19th-century principles derived from the revolutions of the late 18th century? a.) mercantilism b.) monarchical absolutism c.) government by and for property-holding citizens d.) the emergence of international law
Correct Answer: C.) government by and for property-holding citizens
Why did American officials fear Tecumseh's message even more than his brother's? a.) Officials feared that Tecumseh's large army would be able to attack Washington, DC, and other eastern cities. b.) Officials feared that Christians would begin to convert to the visionary future preached by Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa. c.) Officials feared that Tecumseh's support of the ghost dance would draw away workers for American farms. d.) Officials feared that Tecumseh's attempt to create a confederation of Native American tribes could lead to a nation comparable to that of the Aztecs.
Correct Answer: D.) Officials feared that Tecumseh's attempt to create a confederation of Native American tribes could lead to a nation comparable to that of the Aztecs.
In what way did the peasants show their divergence from the Indian elite in the Great Rebellion of 1857? a.) Peasants attacked Hindu princes who were seen as capitulating to Mughal rulers. b.) Peasants followed traditional leaders only, not those who had training under the British. c.) Peasants attempted to overthrow the Mughal dynasty because it had betrayed the Islamic faith. d.) Peasants attacked both Indian and British people and places that represented their oppression.
Correct Answer: D.) Peasants attacked both Indian and British people and places that represented their oppression.
In what way did 19th-century nationalist goals prove destructive in the 20th century? a.) Nationalist goals conflicted with economic modernization. b.) Nationalist goals led to class warfare. c.) The nationalist goals of the 19th century limited 20th-century cultural and literary experimentation. d.) The nationalist goals of different groups proved incompatible with one another.
Correct Answer: D.) The nationalist goals of different groups proved incompatible with one another.
What was a goal of the Mayans in the Yucatan peninsula when they revolted against the Mexican government in 1847? a.) They wanted to retain the right to own their land individually. b.) They wanted complete cultural autonomy. c.) They wanted political independence. d.) They wanted political equality with other Mexicans.
Correct Answer: D.) They wanted political equality with other Mexicans.
How did nationalist thinkers define "the nation"? a.) in terms of shared economic interests b.) in terms of adherence to the same religion c.) in terms of shared family relationships d.) in terms of a common language, culture, and history
Correct Answer: D.) in terms of a common language, culture, and history
The impetus of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab's Islamic reform movement was a reaction to which of the following? a.) the presence of multiple Islamic empires such as the Mughals and the Ottomans b.) debates among representatives of different religions at the Mughal court c.) the tendency of some Muslims to experiment with European ideas and technologies d.) polytheistic beliefs that had taken root among some Muslims
Correct Answer: D.) polytheistic beliefs that had taken root among some Muslims
On what idea could disparate groups of radicals agree? a.) constitutional monarchy b.) return to the status quo c.) abolishing of private property d.) popular sovereignty
Correct Answer: D.) popular sovereignty
Which of the following contributed to social and political instability in both China and Africa? a.) declining involvement in foreign trade b.) decreasing opium consumption c.) increased standards of living among the peasantry d.) pressure from a growing population
Correct Answer: D.) pressure from a growing population
Which of the following was required of Shawnee culture if they were to be able to cooperate with U.S. government officials? a.) that men move to urban areas and take jobs for cash payments b.) that they commit to communal life, similar to Fourier's phalanxes c.) that they abandon their native language d.) that men rather than women take over farming
Correct Answer: D.) that men rather than women take over farming
Which of the following was a common factor in the Shawnee, Maya, and Indian rebellions against colonial control? a.) reliance on Christian traditions taught by missionaries b.) nonviolent resistance against colonial power c.) a rejection of traditional cultural and political resources d.) the use of prophecy and charismatic leadership
Correct Answer: D.) the use of prophecy and charismatic leadership
Prior to the mid-19th century, how did the Mayan experience of colonial rule differ from that of other indigenous Mexican peoples? a.) The Mayans escaped forced labor recruitment and social disruption because their territory lacked minerals or fertile land. b.) The Mayans were less able to participate in trade than other Mexican natives because they lacked port cities. c.) Conflict between the Spanish and the Portuguese meant that more Mayans were killed in war. d.) A stronger missionary presence meant that more Mayans converted to Christianity.
Correct Answer: A.) The Mayans escaped forced labor recruitment and social disruption because their territory lacked minerals or fertile land.
Why were women especially drawn to Fourier's proposed reforms? a.) Women longed for a way to address the social problems of poverty, prostitution, and the exploitation of workers. b.) Women were pleased to see the unpleasant jobs spread around to all groups instead of being consigned to women. c.) Women longed for a way to return to an idealized country life. d.) Women were captivated by Fourier's charismatic speaking style.
Correct Answer: A.) Women longed for a way to address the social problems of poverty, prostitution, and the exploitation of workers.
What event sparked the Great Rebellion of 1857? a.) a rumor that cow and pig fat had been used to grease the cartridges used in soldiers' rifles b.) British reprisals against peasants who refused to pay their taxes c.) a rumor that the food provided by the British East India Company violated soldiers' religious beliefs d.) the British East India Company issuing IOUs to soldiers in lieu of their salaries
Correct Answer: A.) a rumor that cow and pig fat had been used to grease the cartridges used in soldiers' rifles
Why did small-scale settlements in southern Africa give way to larger states during the early 19th century? a.) Larger states were better equipped to compete for limited land and resources. b.) Larger states were able to experiment with new leadership styles, ending their dependence on traditional forms of political order. c.) Larger states were more efficient at gathering goods for trade with Europeans, and benefited from European technologies. d.) Larger states were better at utilizing agricultural land, allowing them to relieve population pressure more effectively than smaller settlements.
Correct Answer: A.) Larger states were better equipped to compete for limited land and resources.
How would life in Fourier's phalanx qualify as a reform of Restoration Europe's economic order? a.) All members would learn how to do all of the necessary tasks to keep the phalanx running. b.) All members would do what they could, and take what they needed from the community. c.) All members would work at diverse tasks for short periods of time. d.) All members would receive the same pay for their work.
Correct Answer: C.) All members would work at diverse tasks for short periods of time.
In what way did the Mayans who followed José María Barrera resemble the Chinese who followed Hong in the Taiping Rebellion? a.) Both the Mayans and the Chinese were able to create enduring semiautonomous states within the larger nation. b.) Both the Mayans and the Chinese were led by ruling elites who sympathized with the plight of the peasants. c.) Both the Mayans and the Chinese followed visionaries who formed alternative religions that combined Christian beliefs, symbols, and rituals with traditional beliefs and legends. d.) Both the Mayans and the Chinese were driven by hunger to surrender to work on plantations.
Correct Answer: C.) Both the Mayans and the Chinese followed visionaries who formed alternative religions that combined Christian beliefs, symbols, and rituals with traditional beliefs and legends.
What was one of the reasons for the collapse of the Taiping Rebellion? a.) It failed to attract strong support from the peasants. b.) Its followers were mainly Manchus, which alienated the Han Chinese majority. c.) It failed to attract strong support from the landed gentry and other elite groups. d.) It received support from western powers, which alienated the majority of the Chinese people.
Correct Answer: C.) It failed to attract strong support from the landed gentry and other elite groups.
The Taiping Rebellion was a 19th-century example of what Chinese tradition? a.) violent uprisings by members of ethnic minority groups b.) Confucian codes of administration c.) millenarian peasant revolts d.) rejection of outside influences as inferior to Chinese ideas
Correct Answer: C.) millenarian peasant revolts
Which of the following was a sharp contrast between millenarian revolts such as the Taiping Rebellion and orthodox institutions? a.) millenarian movements were inspired by Confucian, not Daoist, ideals. b.) millenarian movements were supported by militias raised by the gentry. c.) millenarian revolts often had women in leadership roles. d.) millenarian revolts were often led by scholars.
Correct Answer: C.) millenarian revolts often had women in leadership roles.
The goals of European reactionaries during the Restoration period included which of the following? a.) curtailment of royal privileges b.) secularization of the state c.) rejection of change d.) reversal of the beginnings of industrialization
Correct Answer: C.) rejection of change
Which of the following was the most important device used by Mexicans to lure Mayans into plantation labor? a.) The imposition of the new caste of "Indians" meant Mayans had few political rights and could be forced into plantation servitude. b.) Mayans were forced to work on plantations to free their wives and children who had been taken hostage by the plantation owners. c.) Mexicans lured Mayans with promises of teaching them new agricultural techniques that would enrich Mayan villages. d.) Debt peonage forced fathers and sons to work for low wages on sugar plantations.
Correct Answer: D.) Debt peonage forced fathers and sons to work for low wages on sugar plantations.
Wahhabi Islam was a direct threat to the political power of which of the following? a.) the Ottoman Empire b.) the British Empire c.) the Napoleonic Empire d.) the House of Saud
Correct Answer: A.) the Ottoman Empire
What did Marx and Engels believe would be the outcome of the conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat? a.) a victory by the proletariat that would result in the destruction of capitalism, the end of private property, and the eventual withering away of the state b.) a victory by the proletariat that would lead to the return of an idealized form of feudalism c.) a victory by the bourgeoisie that would reduce the proletariat to slavery d.) a victory by the bourgeoisie that would result in the reinforcement of capitalism and private property, and things would stay as they were
Correct Answer: A.) a victory by the proletariat that would result in the destruction of capitalism, the end of private property, and the eventual withering away of the state
Which of the following was called for in the People's Charter? a.) annual parliamentary elections, universal male suffrage, and the secret ballot b.) the creation of charters outlining the rights of workers in mines and mills c.) the eight-hour day, weekends off, and safer working conditions in factories d.) the creation of land charters to protect the property rights of small farmers
Correct Answer: A.) annual parliamentary elections, universal male suffrage, and the secret ballot
The leaders of 18th- and 19th-century Islamic revitalization movements sought to reestablish the glory of Islam through which practice? a.) establishing new religiously based governments in lands already under Muslim control b.) abolishing slavery in all Muslim lands c.) making alliances between Islam and other religious traditions d.) increasing the Islamic presence in world markets
Correct Answer: A.) establishing new religiously based governments in lands already under Muslim control
Why did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels call their theories "scientific" socialism? a.) because their inspiration came from Newton's grand synthesis of knowledge, the 'Principia' b.) because their arguments were rooted in a materialist view of history c.) because all their statements had been verified through experimentation d.) because their arguments were based in statistical analysis
Correct Answer: B.) because their arguments were rooted in a materialist view of history
The Shawnee prophet Tenskwatawa was similar to Hong Xiuquan in which of the following ways? a.) Both led rebellions that were ultimately successful. b.) Both used western astronomy to prove their personal powers. c.) Both had religious visions and embraced a strict moral code. d.) Both drew on native as well as Muslim traditions in their preaching.
Correct Answer: C.) Both had religious visions and embraced a strict moral code.
Which of the following characterized the British counterinsurgency effort in India? a.) As a gesture of goodwill, the British returned the land that they had previously annexed. b.) The British bribed rebel leaders to stop the uprising. c.) The British responded brutally; villages were destroyed and leaders were tied to cannons and executed. d.) The British expended a great deal of effort to preserve Indian lives and property to avoid alienating the population.
Correct Answer: C.) The British responded brutally; villages were destroyed and leaders were tied to cannons and executed.
In Restoration-period Europe, which of the following was a goal of liberal thinkers? a.) exporting European innovations to other parts of the world b.) returning to pre-revolutionary patterns of political and economic authority c.) supporting individuals' right to speak, think, and act as they chose d.) continuing to pursue political reforms without attempting economic reforms
Correct Answer: C.) supporting individuals' right to speak, think, and act as they chose
From which groups did European nationalist movements draw their greatest number of supporters? a.) the middle class and the landless peasants b.) the landed aristocracy and financiers c.) the liberal aristocracy and the commercial middle class d.) the clergy and rural workers
Correct Answer: C.) the liberal aristocracy and the commercial middle class
How did the status of Islam in West Africa change after the establishment of the Sokoto caliphate? a.) It changed from a warlike religion to a peaceful religion. b.) It changed from a polytheistic religion to a monotheistic religion. c.) It changed from an urban religion to the religion of rural pastoralists. d.) It changed from a minority religion to the majority religion in the region.
Correct Answer: D.) It changed from a minority religion to the majority religion in the region.
How did the outcome of the War of 1812 hasten the ethnic cleansing of Native Americans east of the Mississippi? a.) Both the British and the French slaughtered large numbers of Native Americans in the conflict. b.) The Shawnee migrated to Canada, leaving the lands south of the Great Lakes free of Native American tribes. c.) Other tribes west of the Mississippi who had sided with the Americans supported the removal of the eastern tribes. d.) The British withdrew their support from south of the Great Lakes, leaving the Shawnee at the mercy of land-hungry American settlers.
Correct Answer: D.) The British withdrew their support from south of the Great Lakes, leaving the Shawnee at the mercy of land-hungry American settlers.
What did the groups that led the 1848 revolutions in Europe have in common? a.) The groups were all working class, such as artisans, printers, and peasants. b.) The groups were all middle class, such as doctors, university professors and students, and lawyers. c.) They shared a belief in the triumph of the proletariat. d.) They shared a desire for independent nations and to overthrow the existing elites.
Correct Answer: D.) They shared a desire for independent nations and to overthrow the existing elites.
Viewed collectively, the actions of rebels and dissidents in the late 18th and 19th centuries reflected which of the following? a.) the support they received from outside sources such as foreign missionaries b.) their embrace of Enlightenment ideals and European technology c.) the level of bureaucratic organization within their own societies d.) their dislike of capitalism and colonialism
Correct Answer: D.) their dislike of capitalism and colonialism
