Chapter 16~ Speaking to Persuade

analyzing questions of value

-Justify your claim -Establish your standards and why your idea best meets these

organizing speeches on questions of value

-Usually topically -First main point establishes standards -Second main point applies those standards to the topic of the speech

organizing speeches on questions of policy

1) Problem-Solution Order. 2) Problem-Cause-Solution Order. 3) Comparative Advantages Order. 4) Monroe's Motivated Sequence.

analyzing questions of policy

1. Need 2. Plan 3. Practicality

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.

types of speeches on questions of policy

Speeches to gain passive agreement Speeches to gain immediate action

The psychology of Persuasion

The challenge of persuasive speaking How listeners process persuasive messages The target audience

plan

The second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: If there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem?

practicality

The third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Will the speaker's plan solve the problem? Will it create new and more serious problems?

Persuasive speeches on questions of fact

What are questions of fact Analyzing questions of fact Nonpartisan- when the situation is informative Partisan- when the speaker acts as an advocate Organizing speeches on questions of fact

comparative advantages order

a method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each main point explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions

problem-cause-solution order

a method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyzes the causes of the problem, and the third main point presents a solution to the problem

problem solution order

a method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem

speech to gain passive agreement

a persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of the policy

speech to gain immediate action

a persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy

question of fact

a question about the truth or falsity of an assertion

questions of value

a question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action

questions of policy

a question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken

need

the first basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: is there a serious problem or need that requires a change from current policy?

mental dialogue with the audience

the mental give-and-take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech

burden of proof

the obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary

target audience

the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade

Persuasion

the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions

organizing speeches on questions of fact

usually organized topically