Chapter 16: Treatment and Therapy

Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________.

1954

Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care?`

Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized.

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

active listening

Sherry admires her boss, Helen. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Sherry thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

all-or-nothing thinking

Which mental disorder is least likely to be treated in children 8-15 years old?

anxiety disorder

________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders.

asylums

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

aversive conditioning

confidentiality therapist

cannot disclose confidential communications to any third party, unless mandated or permitted by law

counterconditioning

classical conditioning therapeutic technique in which a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy

client-centered

Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?

confidentiality

token economy

controlled setting where individuals are reinforced for desirable behaviors with tokens (e.g., poker chip) that be exchanged for items or privileges

exposure therapy

counterconditioning technique in which a therapist seeks to treat a client's fear or anxiety by presenting the feared object or situation with the idea that the person will eventually get used to it

couples therapy

couples therapy two people in an intimate relationship, such as husband and wife, who are having difficulties and are trying to resolve them with therapy

ECT stands for ________.

electroconvulsive therapy

intake therapist's

first meeting with the client in which the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs

rational emotive therapy (RET)

form of cognitive-behavioral therapy

systematic desensitization

form of exposure therapy used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders by exposing a person to the feared object or situation through a stimulus hierarchy

cognitive-behavioral therapy

form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self- defeating behaviors

cognitive therapy

form of psychotherapy that focuses on how a person's thoughts lead to feelings of distress, with the aim of helping them change these irrational thoughts

unconditional positive regard

fundamental acceptance of a person regardless of what they say or do; term associated with humanistic psychology

Breach of confidentiality is a greater risk in ________ therapy.

group

Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?

group therapy

What is the goal of humanistic therapy?

helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

how you think determines how you feel

comorbid disorder

individual who has two or more diagnoses, which often includes a substance abuse diagnosis and another psychiatric diagnosis, such as depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia

asylum

institution created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.

intake

Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________.

learning how to swim

Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________.

manic episodes

Rogerian (client-centered therapy)

non-directive form of humanistic psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes unconditional positive regard and self-acceptance

In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________.

possessed by demons

transference

process in psychoanalysis in which the patient transfers all of the positive or negative emotions associated with the patient's other relationships to the psychoanalyst

deinstitutionalization

process of closing large asylums and integrating people back into the community where they can be treated locally

psychotherapy (also, psychodynamic psychotherapy)

psychological treatment that employs various methods to help someone overcome personal problems, or to attain personal growth

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.

race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

relapse

repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse

________ have over 85% of the 1,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas

rural areas

family therapy

special form of group therapy consisting of one or more families

For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this?

stimulus hierarchy

dream analysis

technique in psychoanalysis in which patients recall their dreams and the psychoanalyst interprets them to reveal unconscious desires or struggles

free association

technique in psychoanalysis in which the patient says whatever comes to mind at the moment

nondirective therapy

therapeutic approach in which the therapist does not give advice or provide interpretations but helps the person identify conflicts and understand feelings

humanistic therapy

therapeutic orientation aimed at helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

psychoanalysis

therapeutic orientation developed by Sigmund Freud that employs free association, dream analysis, and transference to uncover repressed feelings

play therapy

therapeutic process, often used with children, that employs toys to help them resolve psychological problems

structural family therapy

therapist examines and discusses with the family the boundaries and structure of the family: who makes the rules, who sleeps in the bed with whom, how decisions are made, and what are the boundaries within the family

strategic family therapy

therapist guides the therapy sessions and develops treatment plans for each family member for specific problems that can addressed in a short amount of time

cultural competence

therapist's understanding and attention to issues of race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

voluntary treatment

therapy that a person chooses to attend in order to obtain relief from her symptom

involuntary treatment

therapy that is mandated by the courts or other systems

What principle underlies cognitive-behavior therapy?

thoughts affect behavior

group therapy

treatment modality in which 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meet together with a trained clinician

individual therapy

treatment modality in which the client and clinician meet one-on-one

biomedical therapy

treatment that involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

type of biomedical therapy that involves using an electrical current to induce seizures in a person to help alleviate the effects of severe depression

virtual reality exposure therapy

uses a simulation rather than the actual feared object or situation to help people conquer their fears

Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?

you can't be nervous and excited at the same time