Chapter 17 & 18 Blood & The Heart

7. An example of polycythemia, which is an abnormal excess of erythrocytes, would be a. blood doping. b. pernicious anemia. c. hemorrhagic anemia.

A. Blood Doping

3. Select the three characteristics that are true concerning erythrocytes. Select 3 Answers a. Erythrocytes are anucleate as they do not have a nucleus. b. Erythrocytes do not consume any of the oxygen that they transport. c. Erythrocytes are the only formed element of blood that is a true cell. d. The percentage of erythrocytes in a sample of blood is known as the hematocrit.

A. Erythrocytes are anucleate as they do not have a nucleus. B. Erythrocytes do not consume any of the oxygen that they transport D. The percentage of erythrocytes in a sample of blood is known as the hematocrit.

5. 90% of the composition of plasma is a. water. b. hormones. c. plasma proteins d. respiratory gases.

A. Water

11. Select the three veins that bring blood to the right atrium of the heart. Select 3 Answers a. coronary sinus b. pulmonary artery c. inferior vena cava d. superior vena cava

A. coronary sinus C. inferior vena cava D. superior vena cava

15. Freshly oxygenated blood returning to the heart from the lungs is first received by the a. left atrium. b. right atrium. c. left ventricle. d. right ventricle.

A. left atrium.

__________________________________________ valve channels blood from left ventricle out of the heart to the body

Aortic Valve

1. Which of the following is a true cell? a. platelets b. leukocytes c. erythrocytes d. red blood cells

B- Leuokcytes

4. Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes? a. Leukocytes all possess granules. b. Leukocytes are true cells as they possess a nucleus. c. Leukocytes, when immature are referred to as a reticulocyte. d. Leukocytes are fragments of large cells called megakaryocytes.

B. Leukocytes are true cells as they possess a nucleus

12. The _____________branch off the pulmonary trunk bringing blood low in oxygen to the lungs, while the __________bring blood high in oxygen from the lungs to the left atrium. a. pulmonary veins; pulmonary arteries b. pulmonary arteries; pulmonary veins

B. Pulmonary arteries; pulmonary veins

17. The sequence of contraction of the heart chambers is a. random. b. both atria followed by both ventricles. c. left chambers followed by right chambers. d. right atrium, then right ventricle, then left atrium, then left ventricle.

B. both atria followed by both ventricles.

19. When the semilunar valves are open, which of the following are occurring? 1. AV valves are open 4. blood enters aorta 2. AV valves are closed 5. ventricles are relaxed 3. ventricles are contracting 6. blood enters pulmonary arteries a. 1, 3, 4, 6 b. 2, 4, 5, 6 c. 2, 3, 4, 6 d. 1, 4, 5, 6

C. 2, 3, 4, 6

18. Select the correct route of a red blood cell beginning in the right atrium. 1. lungs 2. left atrium 3. left ventricle 4. right ventricle 5. aortic semilunar valve 6. pulmonary semilunar valve a. 4, 6, 1, 3, 2, 5 b. 4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5 c. 4, 6, 1, 2, 3, 5 d. 4, 5, 1, 2,, 3, 6

C. 4, 6, 1, 2, 3, 5

13. Select the correct statement about the valves of the heart. a. The mitral valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. b. The tricuspid valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. c. Atrioventricular valves control the flow of blood into the ventricles. d. Pulmonary semilunar valve controls the flow of blood into the aorta.

C. Atrioventricular valves control the flow of blood into the ventricles.

8. Athletes can inject erythropoietin or EPO to increase their normal levels of ______ from 45% to 65% - but when dehydration occurs from an event the blood concentration can thicken resulting in a clotting, stroke, or heart failure. a. leukocytes b. electrolytes c. erythrocytes d. plasma proteins

C. Erythrocytes

10. Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the pericardium from the outside in? a. fibrous pericardium, visceral layer of serous pericardium, parietal layer of pericardium, endocardium b. endocardium, fibrous pericardium, visceral layer of serous pericardium, parietal layer of pericardium c. fibrous pericardium, parietal layer of serous pericardium, visceral layer of pericardium, endocardium d. parietal layer of serous pericardium, visceral layer of pericardium, endocardium, fibrous epicardium

C. fibrous pericardium, parietal layer of serous pericardium, visceral layer of pericardium, endocardium

14. The two atrioventricular valves are closed during a. atrial contraction. b. ventricular filling. c. ventricular contraction

C. ventricular contraction

6. Which of the following statements is true? a. Oxygen loading occurs at the tissues binding to the iron in hemoglobin. b. Oxygen unloading occurs in the lungs binding to the iron in hemoglobin. c. Carbon dioxide loading occurs at the tissues combining with the iron in hemoglobin. d. Carbon dioxide loading occurs at the tissues combining with the globin of hemoglobin.

D. Carbon Dioxide

9. Which layer of the heart wall is the inner layer composed of simple squamous epithelium? a. epicardium b. pericardium c. myocardium d. endocardium

D. Endocardium

16. Blood enters which of these vessels when the ventricles contract (ventricular systole)? a. aorta b. pulmonary vein c. pulmonary arteries d. both a and c are correct

D. both a and c are correct

__________________________________________ valve prevents backflow of blood from left ventricle to left atrium

Mitral Valve

__________________________________________ valve channels blood from right ventricle to the lungs through the pulmonary trunk

Pulmonary Valve

__________________________________________ valve prevents backflow of blood from right ventricle to right atrium

Tricuspid Valve

2. The heme group of hemoglobin bears an atom of ________that combines _________with one molecule of oxygen. a. iron; reversibly b. iron; irreversibly c. calcium; reversibly d. calcium; irreversibly

a. iron; reversibly