Chapter 17 biopsychology

The true smile, which involves the orbicularis oculi, has been termed the A) orbicularis smile. B) Ekman smile. C) Duchenne smile. D) legitimate smile. E) Pinel smirk.

Duchenne smile

Because it is difficult to determine for certain whether a person who has been accused of breaking the law is innocent or guilty, many studies of lie detection use the A) guilty-knowledge technique. B) control-question technique. C) mock-crime procedure. D) all of the above E) both A and B

Mock-crime procedure

Correlations between aggressive behavior and testosterone levels do not necessarily mean that high testosterone levels cause aggressive behavior because A) social aggression occurs only in males. B) the effects of estradial cannot be ruled out. C) aggressive encounters often cause increases in testosterone levels. D) humans and rats differ in their sex hormones. E) aggressive behavior is controlled by the amygdala

aggressive encounters often cause increases in testosterone levels.

Darwin believed that A) expressions of emotion evolve from behaviors that indicate what an animal is likely to do next. B) expressions of emotion evolve in ways that enhance their communicative function and that their original function may be lost. C) opposite messages are often signaled by opposite movements and postures. D) all of the above E) none of the above

all of the above

The idea that opposite messages are often signaled by opposite movements and postures is called the principle of A) opposition. B) antithesis. C) conspecifics. D) parsimony. E) anti-expression.

antithesis

The polygraph does not detect lies, it detects A) criminals. B) arousal. C) guilty knowledge. D) guilt. E) psychopathy.

arousal

Ekman and Friesen (1975) analyzed hundreds of films and photographs of people experiencing various emotions. On the basis of their analysis, they concluded that A) there are six primary facial expressions of emotion. B) many facial expressions of emotion are mixtures of the six primary expressions. C) facial expressions of emotion are too numerous and varied to categorize. D) shame, desire, and excitement are three of the primary emotions. E) both A and B

both A and B

Fear is the motivating force for A) defensive behaviors. B) social aggression. C) threat. D) target sites. E) aggressive behavior.

defensive behaviors

According to the James-Lange theory, different emotional stimuli induce __________ patterns of autonomic nervous system activity. A) the same B) different C) tangential D) similar E) inhibitory

different

Stress that improves health has been termed A) good stress. B) eustress. C) adaptive stress. D) bona fide stress. E) pseudostress

eustress

According to the James-Lange theory, the A) experience of emotion is produced by the brain's perception of the body's reactions to emotional stimuli. B) cortex is not involved in emotion. C) autonomic nervous system is not involved in emotion. D) experience of emotion triggers the autonomic response to emotional stimuli. E) experience of emotion is not physiological.

experience of emotion is produced by the brain's perception of the body's reactions to emotional stimuli.

The theory that facial expressions can influence emotional experience is called the A) emotion feedback hypothesis. B) induced-emotion hypothesis. C) facial feedback hypothesis. D) Duchenne hypothesis. E) Ekman hypothesis

facial feedback hypothesis

Because even innocent people undergoing a lie-detector test are likely to be aroused by questions about their guilt or innocence, the A) guilty-knowledge technique should be employed when possible. B) mock-crime procedure is often employed. C) control-question technique is often employed. D) polygraph is often employed. E) group-contingency threat procedure is often employed.

guilty-knowledge technique should be employed when possible.

In order to employ the guilty-knowledge technique, the polygrapher needs to A) also question a control suspect. B) ask pointed questions. C) have a piece of information about the crime that is known by the guilty party but not by any of the other suspects. D) have a piece of information that is known by all the suspects but nobody else. E) record basal skin conductance levels.

have a piece of information about the crime that is known by the guilty party but not by any of the other suspects.

Bard's research on sham rage led him to conclude that the A) Cannon-Bard theory is basically correct. B) James-Lange theory is basically correct. C) hypothalamus plays a critical role in the expression of aggression. D) entire limbic system plays a critical role in the expression of emotion. E) neocortex plays a critical role in the expression of emotion.

hypothalamus plays a critical role in the expression of aggression.

Brief stressors usually

improve the immune system

In the short-term, stressors produce physiological changes that A) are maladaptive. B) disrupt the ability to deal effectively with the stressor. C) increase the ability to deal effectively with the stressor. D) both A and B E) both A and C

increase the ability to deal effectively with the stressor.

Polygraphy is commonly referred to as A) EEG recording. B) ANS recording. C) lie detection. D) polygraph interrogation. E) many measurements.

lie detection

Papez attributed emotion to activity in what became known as the A) autonomic nervous system. B) limbic system. C) hypothalamus. D) hippocampus. E) basal ganglion

limbic system

Which of the following is not one of Ekman and Friesen's primary emotional expressions? A) lust B) fear C) happiness D) disgust E) sadness

lust

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, the feeling of emotion by the cortex and the expression of emotion by the autonomic and somatic nervous systems are A) causally related. B) parallel processes. C) dependent processes. D) serial processes. E) adaptive processes.

parallel processes

Gulls signal aggression by pointing their beaks at one another and submission by A) head bobbing. B) head nodding. C) wing flapping. D) pointing their beaks away from one another. E) none of the above

pointing their beaks away from one another.

Body cues, in addition to facial expression, play a particularly important role in signaling A) pride. B) happiness. C) surprise. D) none of the above E) both B and C

pride

The field that focuses on the effect of stress on immune function is called A) biopsychology. B) psychophysiology. C) ethoexperimental immunology. D) psychoneuroimmunology. E) psychoimmunology.

psychoneuroimmunology.

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, different emotional stimuli induce __________ patterns of autonomic nervous system activity. A) the same B) different C) tangential D) inhibitory E) excitatory

the same

The physiological response to harm or threat is generally referred to as A) the stress response. B) anxiety. C) depression. D) hypertension. E) arousal.

the stress response