Chapter 17 blood

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?

Antibodies

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

Basophils

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in all of the following places except the

Kidney

RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their

Lack of nucleus

Which of the following is false concerning neutrophils?

Less abundant than lymphocytes

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

Red bone marrow

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

monocytes

Platelets function in all of the following, except

Dissolving a formed clot

Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to

Form stacks

If bile ducts are blocked, which of the following would not occur?

Less hemolysis would occur

Granulocytes form in

Red bone marrow

Which of the following is false concerning monocytes?

About same size as basophils

The process of white blood cell production and maturation goes on in all of the following except

The kidney

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by

The liver

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called?

Whole blood

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

a drop in oxygen levels, the release of erythropoietin, and a rise in hematocrit

Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets?

adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if

an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus

A person with type a blood has

antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

coagulation

Hormones called ____ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations.

colony stimulating factors

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the

conversion of Factor X to prothrombin activator.

The process of red blood cell production is called

erythropoiesis

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone ____ which is mostly produced in the ___

erythropoietin; kidneys

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

hematocrit

________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs.

hemoglobin molecules

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that

her hemoglobin level is normal.

After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect

increased reticulocyte count

Below are some of the factors involved in the extrinsic clotting pathway. 1. Calcium 2. Tissue factor (III) 3. Prothrombin 4. Factor x 5. Fibrin 6. Clotting factor VII What answer corresponds to the correct order in which they occur from the time of tissue damage to the formation of a blood clot?

2, 1, 6, 4, 3, 5

You are caring for a female adult patient who weighs 40kg (90lbs). Assuming no loss of blood, what would her approximate blood volume be?

3.8L

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is

4 months

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

55; 92

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult is approximately _____ liters

6-8 liters

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

reticulocytes

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

the normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

their blood lacks A or B antibodies

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

red bone marrow

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

red cells are about 18 um in diameter

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from all of the following except

Hematuria

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

Heme molecules lacking iron

More than 95 percent of the protein ina. Red blood cell is

Hemoglobin

Which of the following proteins functions to store or transport oxygen?

Hemoglobin

The function of hemoglobin is

Carry oxygen

Hematology can detect all of the following except

Body temperature

In which of the following would you except the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?

Both a person suffering from hemolysis an an alcoholic with a damaged liver

Platelets are

Cytoplasmic fragments of large cells

Which of these descriptions best matches the term lymphocytes?

Defend against specific pathogens or toxins

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of each of the various types of white blood cells.

Differential count

White blood cells that are increased in individuals with allergic reactions are the

Eosinophils

Red cell production is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway.

Extrinsic

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

Fibrinogen

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

Four iron ions

A typical adult hematocrit is

Higher in males than females

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?

Hormone that regulates blood cell formation

An increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is termed

Hyperchromic

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

Immunoglobulins

All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are

Important in coagulation

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in

Increased erythropoiesis

Which of the following is not true of basophils?

Increased production during parasitic infections

Plasma is closest in ionic composition to

Interstitial fluid

Platelets factor (PF-3) is a factor in the _________ pathway.

Intrinsic

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

Iron

How does a treatment with anti-Rh antibodies (RhoGAM) prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

It destroys fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation.

Platelets are pinched from giant multi-nucleated cells in the bone marrow called?

Megakaryocytes

During a bacterial infection you would except to see increased numbers of

Neutrophils

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

Neutrophils

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

Plasmin

Which of the following is not a component of plasma?

Platelets

An elevated hematocrit value is termed

Polycythemia

A person's blood type is determined largely by the

Presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

Produce hormones

The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of

Proteins

The ______ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes

RBC count

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

Recycled in red bone marrow

All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the

Red bone marrow

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

Reticulocytes

Which of the following would you except to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?

Reticulocytes

When blood is fractioned, its components are _____ for the purpose of analysis.

Seperated

The normal ph of blood is?

Slightly alkaline

Sensitization during hemolytic disease of the newborn refers to

The mother's immune system producing antibodies against the fetus' RBCs.

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except

Viscosity about the same as water

The most abundant component of plasma is

Water

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

both oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines.

If the blood types of a donor and recipient are compatible, then

there is no reaction between antibodies and antigens.

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by

thrombin

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45 percent

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. Which of the following is not true?

Bills plasma contains Rh antibodies.

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

Liver

All of the following are components of the cardiovascular system except?

Lymph vessels

Overall, the most common blood type is

O

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term eosinophils?

Often elevated in allergic individuals

The process of fibrinolysis

dissolves clots

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following, except

during periods of fasting

The intrinsic pathway of coagulated is activated by the

Activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen.

Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?

Albumin

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

Albumins