Chapter 17 Grains, Legumes, Nuts, and Seeds

Millet

small, yellow grains w/ a mild flavor. Staple in Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. Used in breads, breakfast cereal, or side dish.

Enrichment

nutrients that were lost during food processing have been added back to near original levels

Converted rice

parboiled rice before the hull is removed

Legumes

plants whose seeds grow in pods and they split along both sides when ripe

Instant rice

precooked and dehydrated

What are nuts and seeds high in?

protein, B vitamins, and fat

What are legumes low in?

they are low in fat, which reduces the risk of heart disease and some cancers

Whole Grain

uses entire edible grain kernel;retains most nutrients

Brown rice

Whole grain form of rice

Four basic groups of grains

1. Bread 2. Cereal 3. Rice 4. Pasta

Nutrients in specific parts of the grain kernel

BRAN-Fiber(cellulose), B vitamins, Trace Minerals ENDOSPERM-Complex Carbs(starches), Proteins, some of vitamins and minerals GERM- B vitamins, vitamin E, iron, zinc, other trace materials, protein, saturated fat

Three types of the grains

BRAN-edible, outer protective layers of a seed ENDOSPERM-contains proteins, starches, and other nutrients; most of the inner part of the grain. GERM-Tiny embryo in a seed that will grow a new plant

example of legumes

Black beans, Black-eyed beans, Lentils, Lima beans, Soybeans-only legume that naturally contains all amino acids needed

Nutritional Recommendations for grains

6-11 serving per day 1 serving size of slice bread 1 oz. ready-to-eat cereal 1/2 c. cooked rice, pasta, or cereal

What is the difference between pasta and noodles?

Pasta is made with eggs, while noodles are made without eggs.

Kasha

Roasted buckwheat that is hulled and crushed

Three B vitamins

Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin (TRN-Turkeys Run Naked)

Bulgar

Wheat kernels steamed dried and crushed; tender w/ chewy texture; side dishes, salads, and main dishes.

Fortification

adding 10% or more the Daily Value for a specific nutrient to the product

White rice

bran and germ are removed

What are Legumes high in?

calcium carbs, protein, B vitamins, iron calcium, potassium, and other trace minerals

How are some pastas flavored

carrots, spinach, tomatoes, etc..

What temperature should bread be stored at?

for short term, store it at room temperature for long term, store it in the freezer

Minerals in grain

iron, phosphorus

What is the difference between leavened and unleavened breads?

leavened breads have a leavening ingredient, or makes them rise(rolls) unleavened breads have no leavening agent, which makes them flat(tortillas)