Chapter 17: Industrial Revolution

Why Britain?

- Most highly commercialized in Europe -Agricultural innovations -Political life encouraged commercialization and economic innovation -Religious toleration (people could work anywhere regardless of religion -

First Industrial Society

-British textile industry (produced millions of lbs of cotton) -Large coal outputs -Mining and manufacturing services -Change in everyday life -Less farming -Social problems and stress because of change

Russia

-Envy of Europe -Russia has LCD, poor education, povderty -Marxist socialism begins to take hold -Still in the old regime -Russian Revolution -Tsar ruled unchecked (absolutism) -Change was initiated by the state -huge separation between classes -Resources=steel, textiles, oil

Why Europe?

-In early 18th and 19th centuries -Patterns of Europe's development favored innovation -Newness of European states in need of revenue in absence of an effective tax-collecting system -Gov encouraged commerce and innovation -Exchange -Silver, timber, maize, potatoes were found to help sustain the growing pop -Ability to use resources

Latin American Trade

-LA interacted with the industrializing world via investment, trade, immigration, and military intervention from the US -Steamship cut sailing times in half -LA exports to industrializing countries grew because of their need of food products and raw materials -Mexico produced more than half of the world's silver -Chile=copper (electrical industry) -Bolivia=Tin (tin cans) -Nitrates from Chile and guano from Peru (fertilizer) -Rubber from Amazon (Bike and car tires) -Bananas from Central America, Coffee from Brazil, Beef from Argentina, cacao from Ecuador, Sugar from Cuba -In return, LA recieved textiles, tools, weapons, and other goods from the US and Europe. -Large scale investment from GB ($10 billion)

US

-New country= lots of land, resources -"blank slate" "ground level" -Made of Europeans -Democratic; value property -Most people middle class (no aristocracy) -Slaves -Political stability = strong industrialized leadership -Immigration from Europe created a diverse industrial labor force -Mass production -US gov help by granting factories $ and approved laws that benifited them -investment - capital $$ -No marxism in the US

Industrial Revolution

-New energy sources (coal) -Globalization (industry) -Locations (resourses (GB)) -Production (factories and profit -More profit (supply and demand) -Urbanization

British Aristocracy

-Overall decline -Landowners dominate British Parliment (controling Legislature) -Numbers declined from IR -Make way for new buisnessmen, manufactorers, and bankers -less political influence -tax breaks were taken away (hurt them) -landowners owned 1/2 of cultivated land in Britain -losing power to urbanization -Shift in wealth to the cities -nobles had to find oppurtunity out in the empire

Middle Class

-Overall increase -Upper level=factory and mine owners, bankers, merchants -More common=small buisnessmen, doctors, teachers, lawyers, journalists, scientists, engineers, etc -Politicall=liberals (favored constitutional gov) -Private property, free trade, limited social reform -women= homemakers, wives, mothers, moral centers in family, educaters, shoppers -Upper MC = almost aristocracy (power in parliment, accepted titles(modern nobility)) -Middle MC: held positions required in any industrial society

Social Protest

-Protested that they would be provided insurence against sickness, a funeral, and an oppurtunity for social life -Wanted better wages and working conditions -Socialism of Karl Marx

Why was the IR the MOST revolutionary?

-Transportation -People recieved goods from places other than their communities -Dispose of waste (sanitation) -Higher life expecentcy -Education (12 Years) -Weapons -Medicine -Electricity -None of the other revolutions changed that

Laboring Class

-life was bleak/insecure

Why IR?

1. Cultural supiriority 2. Science and invention 3. Freer political institution 4. Small pop

Ellen Johnson

A female poet in Britain during the Industrial Revolution. Worked in factories when she was young. •Received patronage for one of her works by the Queen of England

Mexican Revolution

A political revolution in 1917 (in Mexico) that removed dictator Porfirio Diaz from power and hoped to institute democratic reforms. •Led to Mexico writing its own constitution

Socialism

A pop collectivly controls and owns the means of production and distibutes the end result evenly (satisfy everyones basic needs) (level playing field)

Russian Revolution

A spontaneous rebellion that erupted in Russia after the country's defeat at the hands of Japan in 1905 •It forced the government to make substantial reforms

Dependent Development

A term used to describe Latin America's economic growth in the 19th century. Led to economic prosperity in the European and North American countries that financed Latin America's industries.

Latin America

Advantages: -Resources -Economy (money) -Land (expansion) -Coastal (trade) -Climate -Increased population (land laborers) -Fruits Disadvantages: -Europe invests in economy -European conquest -People (mixed) -Unstable = revolutions -Old regime -Gov system -Unified military No nationalism -No pride -Little taxes -No war

Communism

Envisioned by Karl Marx. All means of production are owned in common rather than individually (equal amounts of land, etc) (no social classes) everyone works according to ability and is given what they need

Middle Class Values

Were liberals (favored constitutional government), wanted private property, little social reform, free trade RESPECTABILITY !!

Steam Engine

a machiene that was powered by coal a major reason for the IR got water out of the mines (=more coal)

Caudillos

a military or political leader

Marxist Theory

a transitional (temporary) social state between the capitalism and Communism

proletariat

laboring class

Indian Cotton Textiles

large exports were sent to European countries during the IR to meet the need of European industries Did not have to become industrialized because they had the pop to do the work

Labour Party

made up 70% and were manual workers in mines, ports, factories, and frams. Many moved to cities and lived in small areas. Women and children were cheap labor. Poor conditions, long hours, 40 minute break

Progressives

the variety of responses to economic and social problems •A group of reformers who worked to solve problems caused by the rapid industrial urban growth of the late 1800s. •Led to the formation of labor unions and to the formation of the FDA

bourgeoisie

upper middle class

Lower Middle Class

were not considered laboring class, but were not very high up (teachers, small buisnessmen, doctors, lawyers, engineers, journalists, scientists)

Most people end up becoming part of the...

working class

Karl Marx

•Founder of Marxism •Defined the ideas of modern communism for the first time -Wants to get rid of the bourgeoisie