Chapter 17 TJC US History

The events of the Lattimer Massacre involved ethnic tensions, not just those between protestors and authorities

True

What does the term "economies of scale" describe?

business enterprises that produced large quantities of product cheaply thanks to large workforces and machines

The Workingmen's Party of California:

was based on anti-Chinese sentiment.

"Trusts" like Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust were vulnerable because they:

were appealing targets for prosecution on the grounds of monopoly or restraint of trade.

J. Pierpont Morgan is distinguished from business leaders such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller because he was the only one:

who came from an elite, privileged background.

The railroads were key in helping the United States to emerge as a

world power.

The Homestead Strike:

1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when "scab" labor and Pinkertons' were brought in to force an end to the strike

What was the Haymarket Riot of 1886?

40,000 workers in Chicago went on strike to support an 8-hour work day. Occurring amid a strike in favor of the eight-hour workday, it was what journalists called America's first terrorist bombing and was blamed on anarchist leaders despite a lack of evidence.

Which of the following statements accurately describes child labor in Gilded Age America?

Child laborers suffered many more accidents relative to adult workers.

T/F The Haymarket affair was a peaceful protest against the use of child labor.

False

What are holding companies?

Firms that control the stock of other companies

The city of Chicago annexed the city of Pullman after:

George Pullman died.

Which of the following is true of the Pennsylvania oil rush?

In terms of economic importance, it outweighed the California gold rush of a decade before.

Why was the development of the alternating current electric system significant

It enabled electricity to be transmitted across long distances

How was the Knights of Labor unique as a labor group?

It grew rapidly, even as trade unions collapsed during the depression of the 1870s, and continued advocating the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism.

Which of the following statements accurately summarizes an impact of the urban-industrial revolution at the dawn of the twentieth century?

It had transformed the size, scope, and power of the American economy such that only governmental intervention could restore economic fairness and social stability.

What was the effect of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

It revealed how polarizing the relationship between the working poor and executives had become and ended when the workers, who lacked organized bargaining power, returned to work.

What was the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?

It was a group of separate national unions organized by delegates from craft unions and primarily concerned with securing concrete economic gains.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the National Labor Union?

It was influential in getting Congress to enact an eight-hour workday for federal employees.

What was the purpose of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)?

It was intended to be one giant labor union that would take back the means of production and would be open to all workers.

The head of the National Labor Union was:

It was led by William H. Sylvis and Andrew Cameron.

Which of the following best accounts for the success of Standard Oil?

Its eventual corporate structure, known as vertical integration, allowed it to grow tremendously.

During the Gilded Age, which of the following could be said of the wealthy in America?

Many of the newly rich engaged in "conspicuous consumption," such as through elaborate parties, making class divisions appear more pronounced.

*8Which of the following accurately describes the events surrounding the Lattimer Massacre?

Many workers, especially immigrants from central or eastern Europe, were killed while peacefully protesting dangerous mining conditions, and all of those accused of the killings were acquitted. After the massacre, 15,000 miners joined the United Mine Workers Union

A transcontinental railroad had not been built before the Civil War because

North-South sectional differences prevented Congress from selecting a route.

Which of the following is true of the first transcontinental railroad?

The Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads built it along a north-central route

the sandlot incident refers to

The San Francisco riot of 1877 was a two-day pogrom waged against Chinese immigrants in San Francisco, California by the city's majority white population

Which of the following statements accurately describes the significance of post-Civil War inventions to women in particular?

The invention of the typewriter and sewing machine opened up new employment possibilities to many women, although often on the basis of the idea that women would work for lower pay.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the conditions affecting the industrial development of the United States during the second half of the nineteenth century after the Civil War?

The rising tide of immigrants at the time created a large workforce willing to work for low pay as well as a market of consumers.

All of the following factors helped accelerate economic growth after the civil war EXCEPT:

The use of prison labor to build railroads.

Which of the following occurred from the end of the Civil War to the turn of the century?

The value of manufactures increased sixfold.

Why was there a growth of craft unions during the Civil War?

The war sparked an increased demand for skilled labor.

What was one main reason electric motors were significant to the industrialization of the late nineteenth century?

They freed factories to locate wherever they wished, not just by waterfalls and coal deposits.

What was the significance of the railcars connected to Pullman cars during the Pullman strike?

They were used as justification for a federal intervention, as President Cleveland claimed that the strike must be ended because it interfered with the mail.

Anarchists oppose all forms of government.

True

How did unions often fare in organizing labor around the years 1860-1900?

Unions faced significant obstacles, such as the so-called blacklisting of union organizers to keep them from getting hired.

**What was the significance of the Homestead Steel Strike?

Waged against a Carnegie company, it represented a test of strength for the organized labor movement and resulted in the elimination of a prominent union of iron and steel workers.

Which of the following statements describes the experiences of industrial workers in Gilded Age America?

Working and living conditions remained dangerous.

What was the post-Civil War marketplace increasingly becoming over the years 1860-1900?

a truly national marketplace for the sale and distribution of goods and services, in large part thanks to the expansion of transportation systems and instantaneous communication networks

Violence erupted during the Homestead strike when

chief executive Henry Frick tried to break the strike by bringing in Pinkerton agents.

What were so-called bonanza farms that spread across the country during the second half of the nineteenth century?

corporate-owned farms that were run like factories

From the end of the Civil War to the turn of the century:

corporations grew in size and power.

**Jane Addams is best associated with:

founding Hull House in Chicago. There, she and other social workers helped immigrants adapt to American life and mentored young women to "learn of life from life itself." Addams and others helped convince many middle-class women to enter the "real" world

What contributed to Eugene V. Debs's success as leader of the American Railway Union?

his genuine goodness and nonviolent approach

What is the name for the business strategy in which a dominant corporation buys or forces out most of its competitors?

horizontal integration

The Knights of Labor allowed all occupations to join EXCEPT:

lawyers, doctors, bankers, those who sold liquor, and the Chinese. Apart from this they recruited all types of workers black, white, men and women. They became the largest labor union but also struggled with internal tensions

Sears, Roebuck and Company was a pioneer in

selling goods by mail order, thereby helping transform rural towns.

President Grover Cleveland's response to the Pullman strike was to:

send federal troops to keep the trains running.

What industry did Andrew Carnegie dominate by 1900?

steel

George Westinghouse and Nikola Tesla invented which device that revolutionized American industry?

the dynamo, or electric motor

What was the first industry to contract with "investment banks" to raise capital by selling shares of stock to investors?

the railroad industry

Why were mail cars connected to the Pullman cars during the Pullman strike?

to justify federal intervention to end the strike by allowing railroad executives to claim the strike interfered with the mail

Many people followed the construction of the transcontinental railroad, as the major newspapers printed sensational stories about it.

true

The railroad merged transportation and communication in that it paralleled a network of telegraph poles

true

The greatest growth of the Knights of Labor took place:

under the leadership of Terence Powderly, when the union had several strikes against the railroads.