Chapter 17
How did wealthy patrons often encourage the blending of the secular and sacred in art?
They had their own images included in religious scenes.
Which painter is largely credited with developing a unique style of painting that defined art in Spain in the 16th century?
El Greco
Michelangelo was born in a:
Florentine village
What Classical styles of sculpture were reintroduced in the 15th century by Donatello?
Freestanding, life-sized bronze sculpture, The contrapposto pose and the male nude.
Michelangelo's work on the Sistine Chapel's ceiling was done in a special medium called fresco. Why is this such an amazing feat for Michelangelo to accomplish?
Fresco style involves working extremely quickly so that the wet plaster being painted on doesn't dry, and since he was working on the ceiling, he had to build scaffolding.
Which one of these sculptures was one of the first masterpieces of the 15th century?
Ghiberti's 'Sacrifice of Isaac'
Renaissance art re-introduced the cultures of
Greece and Rome
Why did Vincenzo Perugia say he stole the Mona Lisa?
He wanted to return the painting to Italy.
Why was the circle so useful in art?
It helped create a balanced, symmetrical composition, It helped maintain ideal ratios for a figure in motion, It used the same ideal ratios of architecture to present ideal beauty in humans.
Why was the circle so important to ecclesiastic architecture?
It was seen as a perfect shape, representing the perfection of God.
What is NOT a characteristic of the Renaissance?
Lasting peace
Who painted The Last Supper?
Leonardo da Vinci
There are two copies of The Last Supper, which can be found in _____.
London and Switzerland
What are characteristics of Northern European painting?
Subtle details that altered the meaning of the painting, The use of oil paints and High levels of realism
Prior to the High Renaissance, which place traditionally held the strongest influence over Venetian aesthetics and arts?
The Byzantine Empire
Which of these works is NOT attributed to Michelangelo?
The Last Supper ( Da vinci )
What was Spain's priority in the 15th century?
The Reconquista - a war to reclaim the Iberian Peninsula from Islamic armies.
What statement about Renaissance art is FALSE?
The circle was used in Renaissance architecture but was not in Renaissance artwork.
One hallmark of Titian's art was chiaroscuro. What is that?
The direct contrast of light and dark
What is perspective?
The illusion of realistic spatial depth.
On what surface did da Vinci paint the Mona Lisa?
Wood
Which of the following was a characteristic of Renaissance art in the 15th century?
An interest if Greek and Roman mythology, A use of realistic spatial illusions and A revitalization of classical styles.
What was Albrecht Dürer's claim to fame?
The translation of Renaissance techniques to printmaking
What is a city-state?
An independent government based around an urban center
Which of these Renaissance styles is Botticelli most remembered for mastering?
The use of Classical subjects
In what year did the Mona Lisa become part of the collection at the Louvre?
1793
Who was Cosimo de'Medici?
A major patron of the arts in Florence
What was the Chartreuse de Champmol?
A monastery built by Philip the Bold to display his piety and wealth.
Which of these are a part of Italian humanism?
A value in education, An appreciation of Classical knowledge and A devotion to art and philosophy.
What was Fra Filippo Lippi recognized for?
A very human portrayal of religious figures, The use of actual people as models, The use of real, Italian landscapes for his backgrounds.
The humanist thinking was deeply interested in the knowledge from _____.
Ancient Greece and Rome
How did the setting painted in a composition encourage the blending of secular and sacred?
Artists often depicted biblical scenes in modern settings.
What was the majority of Flemish wealth from?
Banking.
Why are the 13th and 14th centuries considered the Pre-Renaissance in Italy?
Because many cultural changes and transitions happened, which gradually initiated the Renaissance
Who was the first great artist to introduce central Italian Renaissance styles into Venice?
Bellini
Which of these is the best example of the representation of a Biblical scene in a modern setting?
Domenico Ghirlandaio's Birth of the Virgin
What was one element of Classical art that Renaissance artists picked up on?
Ideal beauty derived from mathematical ratios.
What was one of the first times perspective was effectively used in Renaissance painting?
In Masaccio's 'Tribute Money'
How did working in the gardens of the Medici influence Michelangelo's work?
Lorenzo de Medici introduced Michelangelo to poets, philosophers, and scientists who helped to shape his work.
Leonardo da Vinci painted The Last Supper for _____
Ludovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan
What artist was not commissioned by Cosimo de'Medici?
Mantegna
Which artist is responsible for sculpting David, the Pieta, and Moses?
Michelangelo
What artistic change did Melchior Broederlam introduce to Northern Europe?
The use of oil paint.
What were some of the innovations in the work of Giotto di Bondone?
More realistic human figures and the use of perspective
The Last Supper is which type of painting?
Mural
Which material was first embraced by Northern artists, but became popular across all of Europe by the end of the Renaissance?
Oil paints
The artwork of the Renaissance was NOT shaped by which of the following ideas:
Paintings of religious figures which depict them as larger-than-life beings
Who was responsible for bringing Flanders under the control of Burgundy?
Philip the Bold.
How did 13th- and 14th-century Italian artists feel about recognition and fortune?
Positive. Gaining recognition and making profit were considered important.
What sort of coloration do we expect to see in the Venetian School of the High Renaissance?
Rich and full
What defined Northern European genre scenes?
Scenes of daily life that often concealed social and religious commentaries
What is the secular nature of a work of art?
The reflection of daily, non-religious life
How was the Mona Lisa finally found after it was stolen?
The thief tried to sell it.
Why didn't Spain have a large focus on art before the 16th century?
They were fighting an 800-year long war to reclaim the Iberian Peninsula.
What did Renaissance artists think about Classical artists?
They were to be respected and emulated in many ways.
Considering what we know about the Venetian School, which of these is LEAST likely to have been a product of the High Renaissance in Venice?
This is a painting by Raphael, which is in the Vatican. Note how much clearer it is, how less defined the shadows are, and the overall sense of calm. Venetian paintings were more dramatic, featuring rich colors and playful explorations of light and atmosphere.
How does chiaroscuro create the illusion of depth?
Through the contrast of light and dark.
Why was the Mona Lisa removed from the Louvre in 1939?
To protect it from damage or theft during World War II.
Italy had a central location that benefited _____.
Trade with the rest of Europe
Renaissance art differed from Medieval art in that it
focused more on the human experience rather than heavenly themes.
Tempera is a paint made from _____.
mixing pigment with egg yolk
The Flagellation of Christ by Pierro della Francesca is an excellent example of the use of _____.
perspective
Michelangelo considered himself first and foremost to be a:
sculptor
The restoration that was completed of The Last Supper in 1999 was _____.
unable to restore all parts of the mural