Chapter 18-England and America: Quest for Freedom
Jamestown
(1607) the first permanent English settlement in the New World
Plymouth
(1620) New England colony established by English Separatists Fleeing Persecution
Petition of Rights
(1628) reaffirmed the liberties and rights of which Englishmen had won in the past
Massachusetts
(1630) colony established by Puritans that were fleeing persecution of Charles I
National Covenant
(1638) pledge by the Scots to resist any attempt to change their religious institutions without their consent
Commonwealth
(1649-1653) England's new government that was proclaimed a republic (a government ruled by elected representatives of the people)
Glorious Revolution
(1688) the bloodless transition of government in England that secured once and for all the traditional rights and liberties of the English people
Toleration Act
(1689) adopted by William III and Mary II and took an important step toward the religious freedom in England
English Bill of Rights
(1689) permanently establishing English traditional political liberties
United Kingdom of Great Britain
(1707) official union of England and Scotland's governments became known as......
Great Awakening
(1730) revival in America; prepared America for her long struggle with England for independence
French and Indian War
(1754-1763) fight between the British and the French with their allies (the Indians) for control of Eastern North America
American War for Independence
(1775-1783) war fought between the colonies and England to defend the colonists traditional liberties
Articles of Confederation
(1779) America'a first attempt to build a national government that proved to be inadequate and unworkable
Rump Parliament
(January 30, 1649) Parliament that declared King Charles I guilty of Treason and had him beheaded
Battle of Marston Moor
(July 2, 1644) battle where the tides turned for the Roundheads; where Cromwell personally led a charge that routed a Cavalier army
Battle of Naseby
(June 14, 1645) where the Roundheads decisively defeated the Cavaliers; The Climax of the English Civil War
Herrnhut
(The Lord's Protection) headquarters of Moravian missionary activities
Moravians
(United Brethren) group that was greatly affected by Pietism; forerunners of the Protestant Reformation and founded by John Huss
Eleven Years' Tyranny
(began in 1629) King Charles I dissolved Parliament and declared that he would rule England without Parliament or the peoples consent
English Civil War
(began on August 22, 1642) began when the king raised his banner in the town of Nottingham
James II
Brother of Charles II who became the new king and Head of the Church after his brothers death and unsuccessfully attempted to reimpose Romanism
Charles II
Charles I son who was living in France since he was exiled from England after the Civil War and came back as king in May 1660
Sir Robert Walpole
The first true prime minister of England
John Wesley
English Revivalist that brought the Revival to England
Adoniram Judson
Father of American Missions
Edmund Burke
Father of Modern Conservatism
William Carey
Father of Modern Missions
Robert Raikes
Father of the Sunday School movement; started the first Sunday School in 1780
Anne
Mary's sister who was the only heir to the throne after William died and became the last Stuart monarch of England because none of her own children lived past childhood
John Locke
One of the most influential philosophers of the Age of Reason
Philipp Spencer
a German Lutheran pastor that began to have gatherings in his home for a Bible study, known as piety
United States Constitution
a document produced by the delegates of the Constitutional Convention after months of debating and compromising and has become a masterpiece of history
Grand Remonstrance
a document stating additional grievances against the king, including statements regarding puritan religious reform and further limitation of the king's power
Brethren
another name for the German Baptists
William Laud
archbishop of Canterbury appointed by Charles I (1633) to tighten his grip on the church
Whigs
arose in Parliament to pose Charles II because of his increasing pro-Catholic Attitude
Sir William Blackstone
became the legal authority of English Law
Protectorate
began in 1653 when Cromwell dissolved Parliament
empiricism
belief that experience is the only source of knowledge
Charles Wesley
brother of John Wesley who met with several other young men to study the Bible and classics and to encourage each other in their spiritual development
George III
came to dominate much of North America and under whom England colonized Georgia, the last of the English colonies in North America for a total of 13
July 4, 1776
date for the adoption of the Declaration of Independence
popular education
education for all the children
George I
first of the Hanoverian line of English Kings; could not speak English and was not very involved in British politics
mercantilism
held that the real measure of a nation's wealth was the amount of gold or silver it possessed
skepticism
idea that to know truth is impossible and that knowledge is uncertain
Hawaiian Islands
islands that used to be known as the Sandwich Islands
William III and Mary II
king and queen of England that came to the throne after they defeated Charles II in 1690, completely ending his chances to be king again, and took the throne
Age of Reason
late 17th and early 18th century were known as..............because several English Philosophers and writers adopted forms of rationalism, deism, and several other humanistic philosophies
Roundheads
name given to those who supported Parliament and many wore there hair short cut in the shape of a bowl
Cavaliers
name given to those who supported the king and many wore their hair in long ringlets after the French fashion
Ironsides
nickname given to Cromwell's army
Methodist
nickname given to the group of young men who had Bible study meetings because of their well-ordered methods of conduct
William Wilberforce
one of the great Christian statesmen of English history; led the movement in England to abolish slavery
Long Parliament
parliament that sat in session for 13 years because they passed a measure to prevent the king from dissolving the assembly as he has done before
Jonathan Edwards
pastor of the Congregational church at Northampton, Massachusetts under whom the Great Awakening began in earnest; most famous sermon was "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"
William Pitt the Elder
prime minister of England who was determined to not only defeat the French but also drive them out of North America
David Hume
promoted the philosophy of skepticism and rejected Christianity
Treaty of Dover
signed by Charles II with Louis XIV without Parliament's knowledge; agreed to obtain toleration for English Catholic and to join the Roman church himself
George II
son of George I who learned English but showed less concern for politics than his father
James I
son of Mary Queen of Scots who was chosen to unite the crowns of Scotland and England (ruled 1603-1025)
Richard Cromwell
son of Oliver Cromwell that succeeded his father but soon fell from power because many men favored to return to the monarchy
George Whitfield
the best-known great awakening evangelist
George Washington
the first president of the United Stated of America
Captain James Cook
the greatest British navigator and explorer of the age
Samuel Johnson
the greatest literary figure of the 18th century
Declaration of Independence
the most important human statement of political principles in the history of the world
Pietist
those who attended the assemblies of Piety
New Zealand, New Guinea, and Australia
three islands charted by Captain James Cook
"Divine Right of Kings"
to rule with unlimited power
Virginia and New England
two territories that England attempted to colonize and failed several times in the late 1500s
King James
version of the Bible that was finished by 1611; also known as the Authorized version
John Howard
worked to reform the way the prisoners were treated in the English prisons
1537
year that John Rogers published the Matthews Bible, a more accurate version using much of Tyndale's and Coverdale's original work
1382
year that John Wycliffe translated the Bible into English from the Latin Vulgate
1535
year that Miles Coverdale published the first complete English Bible from the original languages; it was also the first issued by royal authority
1539
year that The Great Bible was commissioned by King Henry VIII for use in the churches of England
1525
year that William Tyndale produced the first printed English translation of the Greek New Testement
1792
year that marks the official beginning of modern missions
1789
year that the Constitution was ratified
1560
year that the Geneva Bible was published becoming the most popular English translation of its time
Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf
young German nobleman who was trained at the Pietist University of Halle in Germany; important Moravian leader
August Francke
young professor at the University of Leipzig and is remembered for his leadership in education
Charles I
Son of James I who inherited his disdain for parliament and a stubborn belief in the divine right of kings but later became dependent on parliament for money
Oliver Cromwell
Puritan who was placed in command of parliament's armies and began to acquire a reputation as a military genius
