Chapter 18 Prep U

"A group of outer protective cells containing one or more ovules" describes what plant structure?

an ovary

The phenomenon of double fertilization is a characteristic of which of the following plant taxa?

angiosperms

The pollen-producing structure in an angiosperm flower is called the _________.

anther

The word associated with the meristems found at the ends of roots and shoots or branches is:

apical

The growth of new individual plants from the tissue of an established plant is known as:

asexual reproduction.

Flowering plants have evolved to attract animals to assist them in pollination. Which of the following animals is a common pollinator of flowering plants?

bats

Sexual reproduction enhances the genetic diversity of offspring for three reasons: 1) genetic material from two individuals is mixed; 2) homologues and their genes are randomly re-assorted; and 3):

crossing over creates new allele combinations.

The most important cue in setting the biological clock in plants is:

cycles of light and dark.

When a seed breaks its dormancy and begins to grow and develop again, it enters into a state of:

germination.

3:In flowering plant reproduction, the _______________ develops into the fruit, and the __________ develops into the seed.

ovary; ovule

In flowering plant reproduction, the _______________ develops into the fruit, and the __________ develops into the seed.

ovary; ovule

The knots seen in wood represent:

places where branches were connected to the trunk.

Which is the name of the male gametophyte of a seed plant?

pollen grain

How many petals does this flower have?

10

For angiosperms, which of the following is the most correct statement about growth?

Apical meristems increase length; vascular cambium increases girth.

For angiosperms, which of the following is most correct statement regarding growth?

Apical meristems increases length; vascular cambium increases girth.

Which of the following is a "cluster of active, dividing embryonic cells"? a) fruit b) root meristem c) shoot meristem d) flowers e) Both b) and c) are correct.

Both b) and c) are correct.

Most angiosperm plants are hermaphroditic. What does this mean?

Both male and female parts are found in a single individual plant.

A plant biologist wishes to make a mutant mustard plant does not respond to red light. How might she propose to achieve this?

Delete the nuclear localization signal from the phytochrome polypeptide.

The phrase "double fertilization" in angiosperms is best described by which of the choices below?

Each pollen grain contains two sperm cells and one leads to the fertilization that produces the embryo and the other leads to the fertilization that produces the endosperm.

Which of the following is true about a plant seed?

It contains materials needed to begin a new life.

Which of the following is a mechanism by which plants can avoid self-fertilization?

Male parts and female parts are in different locations on the same tree. b) Male and female parts mature at different times. c) Some individual plants have only male parts while others have only female parts. d) All of the above are mechanisms to avoid self-fertilization. e) None of the above is a mechanism to avoid self-fertilization.

Which of the following is true?

Meristem cells can develop into any type of plant tissue.

Which of the following is TRUE about a sexually reproducing population?

More energy is required compared to asexual reproducti

Lettuce seeds were exposed to alternating cycles of red or far-red light. The last type of light the seeds were exposed to was far-red. What happened to the seeds?

Most of the seeds failed to germinate.

The cells found in the meristems of plants:

None of the above is correct about the meristems of plants

What is the trigger that initiates formation of branches on a tree?

Plant hormones stimulate meristematic cells.

Which of the following characteristics do most plants share with mammals?

an embryo that develops within a sac

What is meant by the quantity of light to which a plant responds

The intensity and duration.

Suppose you could poison and destroy just the lateral meristem of a tree. Which of the following would be TRUE if the tree somehow could continue living?

The tree would not be able to produce secondary growth.

No matter how much you heat popcorn kernels, some of them always fail to pop and become popcorn. Which is the most likely explanation for why these kernels don't pop?

They contain very little water or the water can escape through the seed coat upon heating.

Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for why fruits evolved in plants?

To spread seeds far from the parent plant.

Question 1: (see full question) Flowering plants attract animals to assist in pollination. Which of the following animal groups is not a common pollinator of flowering plants?

a) beetles b) bats c) moths d) bumblebees e) All of the above are common pollinators of flowering plants. Correct response: All of the above are common pollinators of flowering plants.

Seeds that are "designed" not to germinate, even under ideal environmental conditions, may require: a) exposure to fire b) exposure to mycorrhizae fungi c) large amounts of oxygen and water d) passage through a bird gut. e) Both a) and d) are correct.

a) exposure to fire d) passage through a bird gut.

What is the first step that occurs in the process of angiosperm reproduction after a pollen grain lands on a stigma of the correct species?

elongation of the pollen grain to form a tube extending down the style.

All of the following are possible ways to end seed dormancy, except:

exclusion of water

All of the following are possible ways to end seed dormancy, except: a) leaching b) breaking open the seed c) freezing and thawing d) exposure to fire e) exclusion of water

exclusion of water

Which of the following is a method for maintaining seed dormancy?

exclusion of water

Stamens are composed of:

filament; anthers

Carrion flowers mostly attract:

flies.

In angiosperms, the ______ are the specialized reproductive organs whose main function is to bring together the sperm and egg.

flowers

When a seed begins absorbing a large amount of water, it:

has begun germination.

In flowering plants, meiosis occurs:

in both the ovule and the anther.

Trees are different from animals in that trees have:

indeterminant growth, large amounts of dead cells, and regularly lose mass (like branches and leaves) without adverse effects.

If the wood from the trunk of a tree is cut longitudinally, along the length of the trunk, it may show signs of where branches extended away from the main trunk. These "signs" in the wood are called:

knots.

The vascular cambium is mostly responsible for:

lateral growth

Asexual reproduction is most likely to occur in plants which:

live in isolated habitats.

Meiosis of a megaspore mother cell in the ovary of a plant produces what products?

megaspores

Which of the following is the proper sequence of events occurring when a flowering plant reproduces?

meiosis; pollination; fertilization; embryo formation

Mitosis occurs in which regions of a plant?

meristems

The common term for the action of transferring pollen grains from an anther onto a stigma is:

pollination.

Question 6: What type of growth is responsible for the height of a tree?

primary growth

What type of growth is responsible for the height of a tree?

primary growth

The developing embryonic plant forms both a shoot meristem and a:

root meristem

In order for asexual propagation to work, the bit of plant used to start a new plant must have:

some undifferentiated cells.

Some fruits are designed to be attractive food for animals. Other fruits that rely on animal dispersal are:

sticky or covered with clingy burrs.

The female parts of a flower are the:

stigma, style, ovary, and ovule.

Phototropism in plants is:

the bending of the shoot tip toward a light source.

"Double fertilization" in angiosperm plants refers to:

the fusion of one sperm cell with the egg, and another with two nuclei of the endosperm-forming cell.

Plants sense the season of the year by measuring:

the length of night and day

What is the structure on a flowering plant that first receives the pollen granules?

the stigma

Which type of plant growth occurs as a result of physical touch?

thigmotropism

When you are 18 years old, you write your name three feet above the ground, into a 6 foot tall pine tree. You come back to the tree (after paying a hefty fine for your poor behavior) after 5 years and note that the tree is now 20 feet tall. How high from the ground will your name be?

three feet

From an evolutionary standpoint, why do many flowers have attractive colors and smell good?

to increase the rate of pollination and reproduction

Which of the following is the best definition of pollination?

transfer of pollen grains from an anther onto a stigma.

Each angiosperm pollen grain contains how many sperm cells?

two

Which of the following is necessary for a seed to germinate, or develop into a seedling?

water

What is meant by the quality of light to which a plant responds?

wavelength

When, after seed germination, does photosynthesis begin?

when the shoot emerges from the soil

Which type of pollination has resulted in successful pollination of gymnosperms for more than 200 million years?

wind pollination