Chapter 18: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart (Study Module 18.03)

Match the area of the heart with the structure from which it receives blood: Coronary artery. Right atrium Vena cavae Aorta Pulmonary veins Left atrium

aorta

Match the area of the heart with the structure from which it receives blood: Coronary artery. left ventricle right ventricle right atrium aorta left atrium

aorta

Which chamber of the heart exits into the pulmonary trunk? Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle Right atrium

Right ventricle The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary trunk to be distributed to the lungs.

Match the following term to its correct description: Posterior interventricular artery. Supplies blood to the lateral right side of the myocardium Supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles Runs to the apex of the heart Supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle

Runs to the apex of the heart

What is the ligamentum arteriosum? A ligament attaching the aorta to the superior vena cava A remnant of the ductus arteriosus A remnant of the foramen ovale A ligament securing the aorta

A remnant of the ductus arteriosus The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the ductus arteriosus. The ductus arteriosus is a fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta.

Match the area of the heart with the "exit" through which the blood leaves: Left ventricle. Pulmonary semilunar valve Aortic semilunar valve Bicuspid valve Tricuspid valve

Aortic semilunar valve

Identify the ear like flaps that are attached to the top chambers of the heart. Atrium Coronary sinus Pectinate muscles Auricle

Auricle The auricles are flap like extensions of the atria that are observed on the external surface of the heart.

Identify the valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle. Tricuspid valve Bicuspid (mitral) valve Aortic valve Pulmonary valve

Bicuspid (mitral) valve The atrioventricular valve on the left is the bicuspid valve. The mitral valve is also called the mitral valve.

What fibrous structure functions to anchor the atrioventricular valves in a closed position? Papillary muscle Moderator band Trabeculae carneae Chordae tendineae

Chordae tendineae Chordae tendineae are the fibrous cords that attach the atrioventricular valves to papillary muscles. They help anchor the atrioventricular valves in a closed position during ventricular contraction.

Name the inner lining of the heart. Pericardium Endocardium Epicardium Myocardium

Endocardium The endocardium is the smooth, slick lining of the chambers of the heart. Endocardium is a continuation of endothelium that lines blood vessels. Both endocardium and endothelium are composed of simple squamous epithelial tissue, which minimizes friction between the wall of the chamber/vessel and the blood.

Oxygenated blood flows through the right side of the heart. True False

False Oxygenated blood returning from the lungs is received by the left atrium, then to the left ventricle before being pumped out to the body. This pathway of blood flow is known as the systemic circulation.

The base of the heart is located at the bottom of the heart. True False

False The base is located at the top of the heart. It is unusual to see the largest portion of an organ at the top. Typically, the base is at the bottom of an organ, as in the lungs.

The moderator band is found on both the right and left side of the heart. True False

False The moderator band is a cord like structure found in the right ventricle. It contains portions of the cardiac conduction system that help convey the electrical message for the ventricles to contract. It works as a shortcut within the cardiac conduction system.

Into which chamber of the heart do the pulmonary veins deliver blood? Left atrium Right ventricle Right atrium Left ventricle

Left atrium

Match the area of the heart with the structure from which it receives blood: Left ventricle. Pulmonary veins Vena cavae Right atrium Aorta Left atrium

Left atrium

Match the following vessel with its correct 'destination': Pulmonary veins. Right atrium The lungs Left atrium Myocardium Most body tissues

Left atrium

What heart chamber pushes blood through the aortic semilunar valve? Left ventricle Right ventricle Right atrium Left atrium

Left ventricle The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood out of the heart through the aortic valve to the body.

Identify the most muscular chamber. Left atrium Right atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle

Left ventricle The left ventricle is responsible for pumping blood out to the body. This requires a lot of force. The left ventricle is the most muscular in order to pump the blood with adequate force.

Name the ridged bundles of muscle found projecting inside the right atrium. Trabeculae carneae Pectinate muscles Intercalated discs Papillary muscles

Pectinate muscles The pectinate muscles are ridge like elevations of muscle. They are parallel to each other and resemble teeth of a comb. They are easily observed inside the right atrium.

What is the function of the coronary circulation? Provide a blood supply to the aortic arch Provide a blood supply to the heart Provide a blood supply to the pericardium Provide a blood supply to the lungs

Provide a blood supply to the heart The coronary circulation provides oxygenated blood to the heart through coronary arteries. Coronary veins return the deoxygenated from the heart to the coronary sinus on the posterior surface of the heart. The coronary sinus empties the deoxygenated blood directly into the right atrium where it joins deoxygenated from the body.

Indicate the valve separating the following areas of the heart: Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk. Aortic semilunar valve Tricuspid valve Pulmonary semilunar valve Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Match the area of the heart with the "exit" through which the blood leaves: Right ventricle. Pulmonary semilunar valve Aortic semilunar valve Bicuspid valve Tricuspid valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Identify the valve located at the exit of the right ventricle. Bicuspid valve Aortic semilunar valve Tricuspid valve Pulmonary semilunar valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve The pulmonary valve is the semilunar valve found between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk. Deoxygenated blood travels through the pulmonary valve as it exits the right side of the heart on its way to the lungs.

Match the following term to its correct description: Anterior interventricular artery.

Supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles

Match the following term to its correct description: Right marginal artery. Supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles Supplies blood to the lateral right side of the myocardium Runs to the apex of the heart Supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle

Supplies blood to the lateral right side of the myocardium

Match the following term to its correct description: Circumflex artery.

Supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle

Name the needle like ridges of muscle lining the ventricles. Chordae tendineae Pectinate muscles Papillary muscles Trabeculae carneae

Trabeculae carneae Trabeculae carneae are the small elevated ridges of muscle arranged in a web type fashion found in both the right and left ventricles.

Match the area of the heart with the "exit" through which the blood leaves: Right atrium. Aortic semilunar valve Tricuspid valve Pulmonary semilunar valve Bicuspid valve

Tricuspid valve

Identify the right atrioventricular valve. Bicuspid valve Aortic semilunar valve Tricuspid valve Pulmonary valve

Tricuspid valve The tricuspid valve is the atrioventricular valve located on the right side of the heart. It separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.

The first branch off the arch of the aorta is the brachiocephalic artery in both the sheep and the human. True False

True In both the sheep and human, the brachiocephalic artery is the first major vessel to exit the arch of the aorta. Further branching of the brachiocephalic artery and the arch of the aorta differs between a sheep and a human.

Blood on the right never mixes with blood on the left, once the heart is fully developed. False True

True Once fetal modifications (i.e. foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus) close following delivery of the infant, blood on the right side of the heart should not mix with blood on the left side of the heart.

Match the following vessel of the pulmonary circuit with the appropriate description: Pulmonary veins. Two from each lung carry blood into the right atrium. Smallest veins; collect blood from capillaries as it flows back toward heart Branches of pulmonary arteries; structurally like veins and venules, with thin walls and large lumens First vessel leaving the pulmonary side of the heart to carry blood to the lungs Area of exchange for oxygen and carbon dioxide Two from each lung carry blood into the left atrium

Two from each lung carry blood into the left atrium

Match the area of the heart with the "exit" through which the blood leaves: Left atrium. Pulmonary semilunar valve Aortic semilunar valve Bicuspid valve Tricuspid valve

bicuspid valve

The vessels that carry oxygen to the myocardium are called __________.

coronary arteries

Freshly oxygenated blood is delivered to the __________ and then it passes into the __________ to be pumped to the entire body.

left atrium; left ventricle

During systemic circulation, blood leaves the __________.

left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta

Match the following term with its correct description: The right ventricle sends blood into this vessel. Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary veins Inferior vena cava Pulmonary trunk

pulmonary trunk

The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the __________. left ventricle right ventricle right atrium aorta left atrium

right atrium

During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the __________. left ventricle and moves to the lungs right atrium and goes directly to the left ventricle right ventricle and moves to the lungs right ventricle and goes directly to the aorta right atrium and goes directly to the lungs

right ventricle and moves to the lungs