Chapter 19 Blood

17) Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume. A) 55; 92 B) 92; 7 C) 92; 55 D) 45; 55 E) 50; 50

A

1) Plasma is closest in composition to? A) urine B) isotonic saline solution C) sterile water D) CSF E) interstitial fluid

E

13) A person who has a low blood volume is said to be? A) hypovolemic B) hypervolemic. C) normovolemic. D) isovolemic. E) antivolemic.

A

21) Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? A) metalloprotein B) steroid-binding protein C) hormone-binding protein D) apolipoprotein E) transport albumin

A

44) If bile ducts are blocked? A) more bilirubin appears in the plasma B) bilirubin appears in the saliva C) more hemolysis takes place D) more red blood cells are produced E) more white blood cells are produced

A

46) The function of hemoglobin is to? A) carry dissolved blood gases. B) carry bicarbonate ion. C) aid in the process of blood clotting. D) produce antibodies. E) stimulate erythropoiesis

A

10) Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a? A) temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. B) viscosity about the same as water. C) pH of 7.4. D) built-in system for clotting. E) red color from hemoglobin.

B

26) A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is? A) albumin alpha. B) fibrinogen. C) immunoglobulin A. D) metalloprotein D. E) lipoprotein C.

B

33) Surgical removal of the stomach could cause? A) hemophilia. B) pernicious anemia C) thrombocytopenia. D) leukocytosis. E) jaundice

B

39) Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate? A) aplastic anemia B) vitamin B12 deficiency C) lack of intrinsic factor D) vitamin K deficiency E) vitamin B6 deficiency

B

4) Which of the following statements about blood is false? A) Blood contains buffers that control pH. B) The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0. C) Blood is more viscous than water. D) Blood is about 55 percent plasma. E) Cells in blood comprise the formed elements.

B

43) In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated? A) during coagulation B) an alcoholic with a damaged liver C) iron-deficient diet D) low hematocrit E) low blood volume

B

25) Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the? A) albumins. B) fibrinogens. C) immunoglobulins D) metalloproteins. E) lipoproteins.

C

11) The total volume of blood in the body of a 76-kg man is approximately ________ liters. A) 10 B) 6 to 8 C) 5.3 D) 4.4 E) 3.8

C

12) The most abundant component of plasma is? A) ions. B) proteins. C) water. D) gases. E) nutrients.

C

16) Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood? A) RBCs B) platelets C) antibodies D) lymphocytes E) basophils

C

18) A hematocrit provides information on? A) blood type. B) clotting factors. C) formed elements abundance. D) plasma composition. E) sedimentation rate.

C

20) Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? A) metalloprotein B) steroid-binding C) hormone-binding D) apolipoprotein E) transport albumin

C

24) The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are? A) globulins. B) transport proteins. C) albumins D) lipoproteins. E) fibrinogens.

C

28) Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone? A) thymosin. B) angiotensin. C) erythropoietin D) M-CSF E) renin

C

29) Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false? A) Red cells are biconcave discs. B) Red cells lack mitochondria. C) Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter. D) Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen. E) Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux.

C

31) The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if A) the diet is deficient in iron. B) there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin. C) a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal. D) red blood cells bind too much oxygen. E) hemolysis is prevented by a mutated gene.

C

35) An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in? A) pernicious anemia. B) renal anemia. C) increased erythropoiesis D) decreased erythropoiesis. E) increased sensitivity to vitamin K

C

37) The average life span of a red blood cell is? A) 24 hours B) 1 month C) 4 months D) about 1 year E) many years

C

41) Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of? A) magnesium B) calcium C) iron D) sodium E) copper

C

45) More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is? A) albumin B) porphyrin C) hemoglobin D) immunoglobulin E) fibrinogen

C

47) ________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced? A) Polycythemia B) Leukemia C) Anemia D) Leukopenia E) Thrombocytopenia

C

6) The combination of plasma and formed elements is called? A) serum B) lymph C) whole blood D) extracellular fluid E) packed blood

C

7) Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from? A) the heart B) a superficial artery C) a superficial vein D) a capillary E) an arteriole

C

8) When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from? A) the heart B) the lungs C) an artery D) a vein E) capillaries

C

14) The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of? A) water. B) electrolytes. C) nitrogen wastes. D) proteins E) glucose

D

15) A typical adult hematocrit is? A) 85. B) 75. C) 65. D) 45. E) 25.

D

2) The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the? A) viscosity B) specific gravity C) packed volume D) hematocrit E) differential cell count

D

22) Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones? A) translipin B) steroid-binding protein C) hormone-binding protein D) albumin E) gamma globulin

D

27) All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the? A) heart. B) thymus. C) spleen. D) red bone marrow. E) lymph tissue.

D

36) The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except? A) anemia. B) high altitude. C) as a consequence of hemorrhage. D) periods of fasting E) when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted

D

40) In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the? A) liver B) spleen C) thymus D) red bone marrow E) yellow bone marrow

D

48) Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by? A) oral doses of iron. B) injections of iron. C) oral doses of vitamin B12. D) injections of vitamin B12. E) blood transfusion

D

5) Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood? A) 55 percent B) 30 percent C) 60 percent D) 45 percent E) 20 percent

D

9) Consider the following results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal? A) RBCs—5.2 million/µl B) platelets—280,000/µl C) leukocytes—8600/µl D) hemoglobin—10.7 g/100 ml E) hematocrit—44 percent

D

23) Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? A) pancreas B) heart C) kidney D) brain E) liver

E

3) Which of the following is a function of the blood? A) transport of nutrients and wastes B) transport of body heat C) transport of gases D) defense against toxins and pathogens E) All of the answers are correct

E

30) Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron? A) hemoglobin B) ferritin C) hemosiderin D) transferrin E) ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin

E

32) When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect? A) a drop in atmospheric oxygen levels. B) the release of erythropoietin. C) a rise in hematocrit. D) an increase in red blood cell production. E) All of the answers are correct.

E

34) Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that? A) she is suffering from anemia. B) she has fewer red blood cells than normal. C) her hematocrit is probably lower than normal. D) she may be suffering from a form of leukemia. E) her hemoglobin level is normal.

E

38) The function of red blood cells is to? A) carry oxygen from the cells to the lungs. B) carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells. C) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. D) defend the body against infectious organisms. E) carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide

E

42) Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as? A) transferrin B) hemosiderin C) ferritin D) hemoglobin E) hemosiderin and ferritin

E

9) You are caring for an adult patient who weighs 48 kg. What would her approximate blood volume be? A) 6.6 L B) 6.0 L C) 5.6 L D) 4.8 L E) 3.8 L

E