Chapter 19: Infectious Diseases of the Respiratory System

Over ____ different types of viruses cause the common cold.

200

What groups are more at risk for MIS-C that follows a COVID-19 infection?

children young adults

"The flu" includes which of the following?

diseases caused by the influenza viruses

MDR-TB stands for ______-_______ tuberculosis

multidrug resistant

The _________________ virus causes colds in most people, but can cause a potentially devastating infection in children and neonates.

respiratory syncytial

The influenza virus has a high level of variation in its genome due to antigenic ________ and antigenic _______.

shift; drift

The signs and symptoms of influenza include?

sore throat body aches stuffy nose dry cough fever fatigue headache

What is the current treatment for uncomplicated acute otitis media?

wait for resolution

What describes walking pneumonia?

It is a mild form of pneumonia.

Why is annual flu vaccination recommended?

The virus is altered by antigenic drift.

Nausea and diarrhea are typical signs and symptoms of influenza.

False

What organs are most commonly involved in extrapulmonary TB?

Lymph nodes Long bones Brain/meninges Genital tract Kidneys

The most serious cases of pharyngitis are caused by

Streptococcus pyogenes

Mycoplasma pneumonia is transmitted by

aerosol droplets

All recent deaths from pertussis were in which individuals?

babies younger than 6 months

Patient noncompliance in tuberculosis therapy leads to?

emergence of drug-resistant strains

What type of tuberculosis occurs when the infection spreads to other organs outside the lungs?

extrapulmonary

What are the most effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19?

face masks physical distancing

Histoplasma capsulatum belongs to which group of microorganisms?

fungi

Pneumocystis jiroveci belongs to which group of microorganisms?

fungi

What is the least common microbial causes of sinusitis?

fungi

The most common signs/symptoms of the common cold include?

scratchy throat runny nose sneezing

Identify the three types of tuberculosis.

extrapulmonary primary secondary

The common cold is caused by which general type of microorganism?

viruses

___ of all cases of tuberculosis are contained in lungs.

85%

What fungal agent is responsible for frequent opportunistic infections in AIDS patients?

Pneumocystis jiroveci

When was the first vaccine for pertussis introduced?

1950s

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is defined as being resistant to?

isoniazid rifampin

One of the biggest problems with TB therapy is?

patient noncompliance

Cold symptoms typically occur how many days after infection?

2-3

The most common causative agent for acute otitis media is _____.

S. pneumoniae

Which viral agents are known to cause viral pneumonia as their primary disease?

SARS coronavirus Hantavirus

What are second and third line defenses for the respiratory system?

Secretory IgA Alveolar macrophages

What is the most common causative agent for community-acquired pneumonia?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

What statements regarding pharyngitis are correct?

The incubation period for sore throats is generally 2-5 days. Pharyngitis often results in foul-smelling breath.

What are first line defenses for the respiratory system?

mucus production sneezing ciliated epithelium nasal hair coughing

MIS-C, a post COVID19 complication, in some patients stands for?

multi system inflammatory

.Streptococcus pyogenes and Fusobacterium ______ cause the most serious cases of pharyngitis.

necrophorum

The ________ stage is the second stage of pertussis characterized by uncontrollable coughing with a distinct sound.

paroxysmal

High risk groups can receive which of the following as a prevention for RSV?

passive antibodies

COVID-19 was first recognized with?

pneumonia manifestations

Secondary tuberculosis is also called ______ tuberculosis?

reactivation/reinfection

The main signs and symptoms of pharyngitis include?

reddened mucosa in the throat pain and swelling of the throat swollen tonsils

What agents usually causes minor colds in most patients, but can lead to a serious respiratory infection in young children?

respiratory syncytial virus

Cilia on the epithelium of the ______ and ______ propel particles upward and out of the respiratory tract.

trachea; bronchi

In primary tuberculosis, which of the following lung lesions form in the lung and are composed of bacteria in enlarged macrophages, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and neutrophils?

tubercles

In secondary tuberculosis, dormant bacteria are reactivated, _____ expand and drain into the bronchial tubes and upper respiratory tract, and the severe symptoms cause a gradual wasting of the body.

tubercles

Pharyngitis can be caused by

viral infection sinus drainage mechanical irritation bacterial infection

Pharyngitis is most commonly caused by

virus

Which agents usually cause milder forms of pneumonia?

viruses

Which two population groups are most likely to experience extrapulmonary tuberculosis?

young children immunosuppressed

The disease that SARSCoV-2 causes is called?

COVID19

Currently, the recommended treatment for uncomplicated otitis media involves the use of a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

False

Sinusitis is caused by which general types of microorganisms?

Fungi Viruses Bacteria

What fungus is often present in soils contaminated with bat or bird droppings?

Histoplasma capsulatum

Severe sore throat cases caused by F. necrophorum can progress to?

Lemierre's syndrome

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is also known as _____.

MDR-TB

Walking pneumonia is often caused by

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydophila pneumoniae

An effective passive antibody preparation called _________ is used as a prevention for RSV in babies born prematurely.

Palivizumab

Many countries imposed quarantine of individuals who tested positive for COVID-19.

True

Only diseases caused by the influenza viruses are properly termed "the flu."

True

The majority of TB patients recover from the primary infection.

True

What is the most noticeable symptom seen in the paroxysmal stage of pertussis?

Uncontrollable cough

SARSCoV-2 was first reported in December 2019 in?

Wuhan, China

A major change in the influenza virus due to swapping of genetic material between different viral strains is known as?

antigenic shift

The large influx of mononuclear cells into the ______ play a key role in the formation of infectious sites called tubercles in TB.

lungs

The specific lines of defense in the respiratory tract include ______ in the alveoli and tonsils and specific _______ in the mucus.

macrophages; antibodies