Chapter 2, 3 & 8 Review Questions

What is meant by the term stressor?

An event or situation that causes stress

Define the term Identity. At what life stage does the search for identity begin?

Identity is the sense of ones self. This begins at around 12 to 20 years old.

What is indicated by the different bands in the MyPyramid plan? What do the stair steps mean?

Each one of the colored bands represents one if the five food groups. The stair steps represent the amount of physical activity you get per day.

Suppose you ate 2,500 calories in a day. Of those calories, 1200 calories were from carbohydrates, 875 from fats, and the rest from protein. What Percentage of your total day's calories came from carbohydrates? From fats? From protein?

48% carbohydrate, 35% fat and 17% protein

How do healthful and harmful coping strategies differ? Give an example of each.

A healthful way of coping is to confront the situation head on by taking action. A harmful way of coping would be to use drugs or drink alcohol to solve a problem.

Define the term emotion. What is the difference between primary emotions and learned emotions?

An emotion is a reaction to a situation that involves your mind, body and behavior. Primary emotions are emotions that every culture and everyone share. Learned emotions are what someone has to learn to have, you are not born with them.

Name some circumstances during which you might use your body's stores of glycogen?

Anytime you don't eat for 12 hours. When your blood sugar drops for any reason the body might use glycogen as an energy source.

What roles do the following nutrients play in the body?

Carbohydrates supplies energy for your body's functions. Fats supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves. Proteins is their role in the growth and repair of your body's tissue.

Which three classes of nutrients supply the body with energy?

Carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

What is cholesterol? How does diet affect cholesterol levels in the blood?

Cholesterol is the chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release this energy. A diet high in fat and cholesterol can increase the amount of cholesterol in the blood.

Define the term defense mechanism. When do defense mechanisms stop being helpful?

Defense mechanisms are coping strategies that help you protect yourself from difficult feelings. They stop being helpful if they are being overused and you can't express your true feelings.

How does personality affect a person's response to stress?

Extroversion affects whether a person will stress over a social event, optimism and pessimism affects whether a person will stress over the negative aspects of a situation, perfectionism affects whether a person will stress over flaws in their work, and resilience affects whether a person will recover from stress.

What five central traits can be used to define personality?

Extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and being open to experiences are five central traits that can be used to define personality.

Explain how feelings of thirst can help a person maintain homeostasis on a hot day?

Feeling thirst on a hot day can help a person maintain homeostasis by giving your body the water it needs.

What vitamins are supplied by green leafy vegetables? By citrus fruits?

Green leafyvegetables are vitamins K and E and citrus fruits are vitamins Aand C

What did Erickson say about how your personality develops throughout your life?

He said that my personality develops throughout life.

What two general factors combine to influence your personality?

Heredity and Environment are two general factors that combine to influence my personality.

Do you think the saying "Don't sweat the small stuff" is good advice for coping with stress? Why or why not?

I think it is because the person stressing should realize that there's more to life than just stressing.

Choose the row in the chart on page 213 that best applies to you. Evaluate whether your diet is in line with the recommended number of servings from each food group?

I would choose Sedentary for the best one that applies to me. My diet is probably not the recommended number of servings from each food group.

Your best friend father just lost his job. Your friend is worried that his family might have to move to a different city. How could you help your friend through this stressful time.

I would take my friend out somewhere like the movies to get their mind off somethings.

Define Self-Esteem. Explain the effects that high and low self-esteem may have on health.

If you have high self esteem you're going to be more happy and outgoing and if you have low self esteem then you're going to be more down and dislike yourself.

In general, what happens to self-esteem during adolescence? Explain why this change occurs.

It drops in early adolescence. It does this because some teens are critical of their appearance, abilities, their interests and their shortcomings.

Why is it important to build resilience?

It is important to build resilience to help deal with extreme or prolonged stress.

Define homeostasis.

It's the process of maintaining a steady state inside your body.

List the four general types of stressors and give an example of each.

Major life changes. Ex: graduating from college 2. Catastrophes. Ex: floods, tornadoes, etc. 3. Everyday Problems. Ex: having too many homework assignments in one day 4. Environmental Problems Ex: living in unsafe or crowded conditions.

When do people experience stress?

Many people experience stress during major life changes, catastrophes and during everyday problems.

Define the term metabolism. How is metabolism related to the nutrients in food?

Metabolism is the chemical process by when your body breaks down food to release energy. The nutrients in food creates an amount of chemical reactions in your cells and the amount of energy released is your metabolism.

What roles does water play in the body?

Nearly all of the bodies chemical reactions like those that produce energy and build new tissues, take place in a water solution.

You eat a meal that contains beans and peas. Using the MyPlate diagram, how would you classify this meal?

Protein or vegetables.

What are the four main recommendations contained in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Provides information on how to make smart food choices, balance food intake with physical activity, get the most nutrition out of the calories you consume, and handle food safely.

How can seeking the support of others help when you are under stress?

Seeking support can help you see your problems more clearly.

Describe something that you accomplished in the past year that made you feel proud and explain why.

Something that has made me feel accomplished this past year is playing guitar. I feel so accomplished because I can play along with the songs that I love.

What is stress? Explain how stress can be both positive and negative.

Stress is the response your body and mind gives to being challenged or threatened. Positive stress can help you escape from a dangerous situation, accomplish your goals or promotes your personal health. Negative stress can take a toll on your performance.

What are some ways you can relax?

Take slow, deep breaths. Or try other breathing exercises for relaxation, listen to music or write

What does it mean to say that food is nutrient dense? Give an example of a nutrient dense food.

The food contains lots of vitamins and minerals relative to the number of calories. Am example of this is fresh fruit and raw veggies.

What personality traits in Figure 8 do you have?

The personality traits that I have are; realistic and accepting, capable of loving others, creative and hard-working, and not being afraid to be different.

How do saturated fats differ from unsaturated fats?

They differ from saturated fats in that their chemical structure contains one or more double bonds. Saturated fats: Dairy foods, Mean. Unsaturated fats: Walnuts, Fish.

Why might two individuals have different responses to the same stressor?

They may differ in personality because it regards to their optimism, pessimism, perfectionism, or resilience.

Identify three things you should focus on if you want to improve your self-esteem.

To increase your self-esteem, don't base your self-esteem solely on other people's opinions of you. Focus on your accomplishments, your talents, and your contributions to your family and community.

What is the key factor in determining whether a person has resilience?

Whether or not a person has the support of family and friends.

Explain how relaxation techniques help to reduce stress.

You can do this by practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, rhythmic exercise, and yoga.

List seven techniques you can use to cope with stress.

a. Time management and mental rehearsal b. Physical activity, relaxation, and biofeedback c. Avoiding negative thinking and humor.

What are vitamins? How do they differ from minerals?

are nutrients that are made by living things, are only in small amounts and they assist many chemical reactions in the body. It differs from minerals because minerals naturally come from rocks and soil while vitamins different foods.

Which seven minerals are needed by the body in significant amounts?

calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur.

What are the two classes of vitamins? Which vitamins fall into each class?

fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins. Vitamins A, D, E, and K come from soluble vitamins. Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, pantothenic acid, folate, biotin, and C are water soluble vitamins.

What are some ways that people with high blood pressure can reduce their sodium intake?

not eating foods with high sodium.

Explain the importance of being able to recognize your emotions.

recognize your emotions is being able to deal with them in healthful ways. If you have a problem and are not able to deal with it then it becomes even worse.