Chapter 2

Which one of the following is NOT true for minerals? They have a specific, predictable chemical composition. They have a specific, internal, crystalline structure. They can be identified by characteristic physical properties. They can be a liquid, solid, or gas.

They can be a liquid, solid, or gas.

Electrically neutral atoms have equal numbers of electrons and protons. True False

True

Most minerals have a higher specific gravity than water. True False

True

Which of the following resources are all considered nonrenewable? rivers and waves coal, oil, and natural gas wind energy, solar energy, and natural gas natural fibers and forest products plants and animals

coal, oil, and natural gas

If you list the most abundant elements in Earth's crust, how many elements do you need to make up 98% (by mass) of Earth's crust? four fifty eight twenty

eight

Which of the following minerals is a silicate? hematite feldspar calcite halite

feldspar

The resistance of a mineral to abrasion is known as ________. streak cleavage luster hardness

hardness

Check all that apply. A radioactive isotope: has an unstable atomic nucleus can not form molecules will decay over time into a more stable isotope has unstable electrons

has an unstable atomic nucleus will decay over time into a more stable isotope

Check all that apply. A mineral's crystal shape: is the shape the mineral grows into as it forms is the shape the mineral breaks into when hit with a hammer can determine the way the mineral sample interacts with light is different for every sample of that mineral

is the shape the mineral grows into as it forms can determine the way the mineral sample interacts with light

The property of cleavage reflects: the luster of the mineral. mechanical breakage along planes of weakness within the mineral. the streak of the mineral. the hardness of the mineral. the density of the mineral.

mechanical breakage along planes of weakness within the mineral.

Use the choices below to fill in the blanks. Minerals are _________ inorganic _________ that usually possess a crystalline structure and can be represented by a chemical formula. naturally occurring; liquids naturally occurring; solids synthetic; liquids synthetic; solids both naturally occurring and synthetic; solids

naturally occurring; solids

What are the components of an atom? neutrons electrons protons compounds elements

neutrons electrons protons

The most common mineral group in the Earth's crust is the silicates carbonates sulfides oxides

silicates

All silicate minerals contain which two elements? silicon, oxygen iron, silicon silicon, sodium oxygen, carbon

silicon, oxygen

All atoms of the same chemical element, for example carbon, have the same number of ________. protons electrons molecules neutrons

Protons

Which of the following is a native mineral? Check all that apply. A nugget of pure copper A nugget of pure gold A canary yellow crystal of pure sulfur A crystal of pyrite (iron sulfide)

A nugget of pure copper A nugget of pure gold A canary yellow crystal of pure sulfur

A compound is a stable chemical substance composed of two or more ________. electrons protons molecules atoms

Atoms

Which carbonate mineral reacts readily with cool, dilute hydrochloric acid to produce visible bubbles of carbon dioxide gas? gypsum calcite quartz plagioclase feldspar

Calcite

While studying some sedimentary rocks in your field area, you find a mineral with rhombohedral cleavage that reacts with hydrochloric acid. You determine that this mineral is: muscovite. olivine. quartz. calcite. gypsum.

Calcite

The strong tendency of certain minerals to break along smooth, parallel planes is known as ________. streak crystal habit cleavage fracture luster

Cleavage

Usually the least helpful property in identifying a mineral is its : hardness cleavage color luster

Color

Which of the following is the hardest mineral? topaz quartz gypsum talc diamond

Diamond

All minerals exhibit cleavage. True False

False

In the list below, indicate which of the items are minerals. Gold nugget Ruby Quartz Synthetic diamonds Obsidian (volcanic glass) Amber Seawater

Gold Nugget Ruby Quartz

Which of the following best defines a mineral and a rock? A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable arrangement; a mineral is a consolidated aggregate of different rocks. In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of different mineral grains. A mineral consists of its constituent atoms arranged in a geometrically repetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any pattern.

In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of different mineral grains.

Which of the following are true statements regarding isotopes? Isotopes have the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons. Isotopes are different individual chemical elements. Isotopes have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Isotopes are variations of the same chemical element. Isotopes have an equal number of protons and an equal number of neutrons.

Isotopes have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Isotopes are variations of the same chemical element.

If gypsum has a hardness of 2, what statement must be true about it? It can be scratched with a fingernail It can scratch glass It can only be scratched with a knife or a wire nail Diamond can not scratch it

It can be scratched with a fingernail

All of the following criteria define a mineral except: It has an orderly internal structure. It is naturally occurring. It is organic. It is inorganic. It has a well-defined chemical composition.

It is organic.

The external expression of a mineral's orderly internal arrangement of atoms is referred to as: its luster. its crystal form. its hardness. its streak. its specific gravity.

Its crystal form

Which of the following has the highest specific gravity? quartz water lead wood

Lead

Which of the following describes the light reflecting and transmission characteristics of a mineral? luster hardness fluorescence specific gravity streak

Luster

Check all that apply. What are the components of the nucleus of an atom? neutrons electrons protons molecules

Neutrons Protons

The central region of an atom is called the ________. electron nucleus core molecule

Nucleus

In the field, you find an unidentified mineral that is clear, exhibits conchoidal fracture, and can scratch glass. This mineral is most likely: gypsum. calcite. muscovite. quartz. hornblende.

Quartz

The principal mineral used in making glass is: talc. quartz. gold. copper. hematite.

Quartz

Which of the following substances is a mineral? amber granite pearl quartz petroleum

Quartz

What physical property denotes the color of a powdered mineral? specific gravity luster crystal shape cleavage streak

Streak

Which of the following is correct for isotopes of the same element? The atoms have different numbers of electrons but the same number of neutrons. The atoms have the same number of electrons and different numbers of protons. The atoms have different numbers of neutrons and the same number of protons. The atoms have different numbers of protons and the same number of neutrons.

The atoms have different numbers of neutrons and the same number of protons.

The chemical bonds in molecules (compounds of more than one atom) primarily involve he neutrons the atomic nucleus the protons the electrons

The electrons

When is a rock considered an ore? Check the best answer. when it contains at least one metallic mineral in concentrations greater than 1% when it contains at least one metallic mineral when it contains at least one useful (usually metallic) mineral in sufficient amounts to be extracted profitably only when it contains iron

when it contains at least one useful (usually metallic) mineral in sufficient amounts to be extracted profitably