Chapter 2

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f an elemment is compowd of atoms with an atoemic number of 6 and a mas mumber of 14 then the nucleus ocf a neutral atom of this element containe

6 protons and 8 neutrons

the reaction listed below, what coefficient needs to be added to balance the equation? 6 CO2 + 6 H20 C6H1206+

8

Which of the following is both an anion and a compound?

HCO3-

In living cells, complex metabolic reactions proceed in a series of steps called

a metabolic pathway.

Elements that have atoms with full outer shells of electrons

are inert gases

Carbohydrate molecules

are the body's most readily available source of energy.

By weight, which element is the second most abundant in the human body?

carbon

The molecule CO2 is known as

carbon dioxide.

All fatty acids contain a functional group at one end called the group

carboxyl

In a molecule of oxygen gan, two pais of electrons ane shared equally by two oxygen atoms The type of bond that is formed is an example of a

double nonpolar covalent bond

Which of the following lists contains only trace elementa?

silicon, fluorine

one pair of electrons is unequally shared betwen two aboms, a loccurs

single polar covalent bond

A(n) is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute.

solution

Which of the following are large polysaccharides and major dietary source of energy?

starch

Which of the following is a structural component of hormones?

steroids

Which of the following substances would be most acidie?

stomach secretions pH=1

The actual mas of an atom is known as its

umber atomic weight

lonic bonds are formed when

vdectrons are completely trandered from one aton to another

Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with

water molecules

In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with

water, cusing decomposition

polysaccharide that is formed in muscle cells to store glucose is

glycogen.

Which of the following is correct regarding fructose?

h is an isomer of glucose.

Which of the following statements about water is not correct?

has a relatively low heat capacity

Oppositely charged ions in solution are prevented from combining by

hydration spheres.

The weakest bond between two atoms is the bond.

hydrogen

Which element commonly has only a proton as its nucleus?

hydrogen

The molecule H2 is known

hydrogen.

Molecules that do not readily dissolve in water are called

hydrophobic

Nonpolar organic molecules are good examples of

hydrophobic compounds.

Which of the following functional groups of organic compounds link molecules through dehydration synthesis?

hydroxyl group

Aboms of the same element numbers of neutrons are called whose nuclei contain the same number of petons, but diferen

isotopes

Which of the following is a chemical messenger coordinating local cellular activities?

leukotrienes

In dehydration reactions compounds

lose water molecules

Compounds that can be synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside the body are called

metabolites

H2O is an example of a(n)

molecular formula.

In an aqueous solution sodium ions would move toward

negative terminal.

A solution containing equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide lons is

neutral.

Isatopes of an element differ in the number of

neutrons in the nucleus

The center of an atom is called the

nucleus.

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are classified as

organic molecules.

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the

outermost electron shell

The molecule O2 is known as

oxygen.

The of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration expressed in moles per liter.

pH

Of the list below, which has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions?

pH 14

Which pH is closest to normal blood pHr

pH 7

Kinetic energy is stored as energy when a spring is stretched.

potential

Each of the following is an example of an inorganic compound except

proteins.

The "atomic number" of an atom is determined by the number of t has

protons

The mass of an atom is largely determined by the number of it has.

protons + neutrons

The atomic weight of an atom reflects the average number of

protons + neutrons + electrons.

The nucleus of an atom consists of

protons + neutrons.

The mass number represents the number of

protons neutrona

The innermost electron shell in an atom helds up to electns

2

compounds do not usually contain carbon as a primary structural atom.

Inorganic

molecules are compounds that contain carbon as the primary structural atom.

Organic

By weight, which element is the most plentiful in the human body?

Oxygen

accelerate chemical reactions that occur in the human body.

Enzymes

Of the following choices, the pH of the least acidic solution is

12.0.

lf an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is

18.

Magnesium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell. As a result, you would expect magneslum to farm ions with a charge of

+2

Which of the following is the symbol for an amino group?

-NH2

Magnesium atoms have two electrons in their outermost shells, and chlorine atoms have seven. The compound magnesium chloride would contain

1 magnesium and 2 chlorine.

Which has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a substance with a pH of 4?

A pH of 4 is greater.

are soluble inorganic compounds whose solutions will conduct an electric current.

Enzymes

An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is not a cation?

Cl-

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is false?

Hydrogen bonds are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged atoms.

An important buffer in body fluids is

NaHCO3.

When a small amount of HCl or NaOH is added to a solution of Na2HPOL the pH of the solution barely changes. Based on these observations, all of the following are true conceming the compound NazHPO except

NagHIO adsorbs excess H and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure

in chemical notation, the symbol Ca2+ meana

a calaum son that has lost two electrons.

When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis,

a disaccharide is formed.

If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is

alkaline.

When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms unite as a result of the opposite charges,

an ionic bond is formed.

In an aqueous solution, cations are attracted toward

anions

lonu with a negative charge are called

anions

All of the following are true concerning enzymes except that they

are consumed during the reaction.

A functional group is best described as reoccurring clusters of

atoms that greatly influence the chemical properties of molecules they are part of.

The smallest stable units of matter are

atoms.

A(n) removes hydrogen ions, and a(n). releases hydrogen ions.

base; acid

Which of the following is/are inorganic substance(s)?

both water and carbon dioxide

In the body, inorganic compounds

can serve as buffers.

The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a near 121 ratio is defined as

carbohydrate

lons with a + charge are called

cations

Oxygen is requined in biological aystema for

cellular respiration

Which of the following is a structural component of cell membranes?

cholesterol

When atoms complete their outer electron shell by sharing electrons, they form

covalent bonds

During ionization, water molecules disrupt the lonic bonds of a salt to produce a mixture of ions. These ions can carry a current and so are called

electrolytes.

A(n) is a pure substance composed of atoms.

element

Chemical reactions that absorb energy are called

endergonic

The reaction A.B. energy- AB is an example of atn)

endergonic reaction.

Chemical reactions that release energy are called

exergonic.

Chemical reactions that yield energy, such as heat, are said to be

exergonic.

The three familiar states of matter listed in order from the least to most thermal energy are

gas, liquid, solid.

The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is

glucose.

When placed in water, an inorganic compound dissociates 99 percent, forming hydrogen ions and anions. This compound would be a

strong acid.

A dust particle floating on a water surface illustrates

surface tension.

The reaction N2 3 Hg2 NHs is an example of an)

synthesis reaction

ABA. B is to decomposition as A B AB is to

synthesis.

Which property of water helps keep body temperature stabilized?

thermal inertia

Which one of the following must be broken down to fatty acids and glycerol for use as an energy source?

triglycerides


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