Chapter 2 A&P
The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of
2 electrons
A triglyceride consists of
3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
Which of the following substances account for more than 95% of the human body?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
The four most abundant elements in the human body are
O, C, H, and N.
Which of the following is not organic?
Oxygen
Which of the following molecules does not have a polar region?
Triglycerides
Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because
all of the above
Lipids
all of the above
Proteins
all of the above
Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates?
all of the above
Exposure to ionizing radiation may
cloud the lens of the eye.
Nucleic acids are
composed of building blocks called nucleotides.
A simple carbohydrate
has a molecular formula of C6H12O6.
Saturated fats _______ than unsaturated fats.
have more single carbon-carbon bonds
The unique, three-dimensional structure of a protein molecule is determined largely by
hydrogen bonds.
The isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is
iodine-141
Electrolytes are substances that
ionize when dissolved in water
Which of the following substances is an element?
iron
Which of the following compounds is not hydrophilic?
lipids
An atom that has 3 electrons in its second shell and a filled first shell will
lose 3 electrons from its second shell.
The informational content of DNA and RNA is in the nitrogenous bases because
the bases are of several types and therefore can form a sequence.
Chemistry deals with
the composition and changes of substances that make up living as well as non-living matter.
A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by
AB → A + B
Which of the following is not a source of ionizing radiation?
Cholesterol and triglycerides
Which of the following is a form of ionizing radiation?
Cosmic radiation and gamma radiation
Nucleic acids include
DNA and RNA
DNA and RNA differ in that
DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein
Which of the following isotopes has the longest half-life?
Radium-226.
Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in cells?
Water
A biomarker is
a body chemical associated with a particular disease or exposure to a toxin.
In a covalent bond
a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water are
acids
A biomarker test for cancer should ideally be
all of the above
An acid reacting with a base is
an exchange reaction
An organic compound contains
carbon and hydrogen
Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of
cations
Biochemistry is the study of
chemical reactions in organisms
Table sugar breaking down into glucose and fructose is a(n) _______ reaction.
decomposition
The atoms of two types of elements are likely to have
different sizes and different weights.
Water causes ionically-bonded molecules to
dissociate
Bases reacting with acids form ________ and water.
electrolytes
Matter is composed of ____, which are composed of _____.
elements; atoms
A chemical reaction in which pairs of different molecules trade positions is a(n)
exchange reaction.
When cations and anions meet they
form a 3-D structure
Carbon can form ___ covalent bonds.
four
Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for
growth of body parts.
A complete atom is electrically neutral because the number of
negative electrons and positive protons are equal.
A solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions is
neutral
The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of
neutrons
The type of organic molecule that can replicate is a
nucleic acid.
PET imaging follows the emission of
positrons
In phenylketonuria, an individual cannot break down the amino acid phenylalanine. Molecules that include phenylalanine build up in the blood, which causes mental retardation and other symptoms. This inherited disease can be controlled by following a diet that is very low in
protein
An enzyme is a
protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted
Atomic number equals the number of ______ and atomic weight equals the ____.
protons; number of protons plus neutrons
Atomic radiation is useful for treating cancer because
radiation harms cancer cells more readily than it does most non-cancer cells
In the body, oxygen
releases energy from glucose during cellular respiration
A person has alkalosis if the blood pH
rises above 7.4
Glycogen is stored in the liver and ______.
skeletal muscles
The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is
tenfold.
The pH scale measures the
the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
The parts of a protein that change when it denatures are
the secondary and tertiary structures.
Conformation is
the three dimensional shape of a molecule, such as a protein.
A CT scan differs from a conventional X-ray image because it is
three dimensional.
The ______ uses the element iodide.
thyroid
