Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience

Josiah is trying to speak to his wife, but his speech is very slow and labored, often with jumbled sentence structure. Josiah may have damage to which area of the brain? a. Extrastriate Body Area (EBA) b. Broca's Area c. Parahippocampal Place Area (PPA) d. Wernicke's Area

b. Broca's Area

The theory that a stimulus is represented by that pattern of firing of a large number of neurons is called: a. Specificity Coding b. Population Coding c. Localization of Function d. Sparse Coding

b. Population Coding

A synapse is a. A tube filled with fluid that conducts electrical signals b. The gap that separates two different neurons c. The structure that contains mechanisms to keep a neuron alive d. The structure that receives electrical signals from other neurons

b. The gap that separates two different neurons

Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localization of function? a. Brain areas are specialized for specific functions. b. Neurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli. c. All of these are correct. d. Specific areas of the brain serve different functions.

c. All of these are correct.

The __________ lobe of the cortex receives information from all of the senses and is responsible for coordination of the senses, as well as higher cognitive functions such as thinking and problem solving. a. Parietal b. Subcortical c. Frontal d. Occipital

c. Frontal

What is a key difference between dendrites and axons? a. One sends information and the other receives information. b. One has physical form and the other lacks physical form. c. One is internally activated and the other is externally activated. d. One has a positive charge and the other has a negative charge.

a. One sends information and the other receives information.

The fusiform face area (FFA) in the brain is often damaged in patients with a. Prosopagnosia b. Alzheimer's Disease c. Broca's Aphasia d. Wernicke's Aphasia

a. Prosopagnosia

Barbara has recently been diagnosed with abdominal cancer. Her oncologist wants to determine the best treatment method to eliminate the tumors. Her gastroenterologist is focused on relieving her symptoms and restoring normal digestive functioning. Barbara's psychologist works to help minimize her anxiety and keep her spirits up. The fact that these doctors are considering Barbara's situation with different goals and from different perspectives is similar to the idea of __________ presented in your textbook. a. The dynamics of cognition b. Nomothetic examination c. Levels of analysis d. Idiographic evaluation

c. Levels of analysis

If the intensity of a stimulus that is presented to a touch receptor is increased, this tends to increase the __________ in the receptor's axon. a. Size of the nerve impulses b. All of these are correct c. Rate of nerve firing d. Speed of nerve conduction

c. Rate of nerve firing

Brain imaging has made it possible to a. View propagation of action potentials b. View individual neurons in the brain c. Show how environmental energy is transformed into neural energy d. Determine which areas of the brain are involved in different cognitive processes

d. Determine which areas of the brain are involved in different cognitive processes

Neurons that respond to specific qualities of objects, such as orientation, movement, and length, are called a. Retinal Cells b. Receptors c. Dendrites d. Feature Detectors

d. Feature Detectors

When conducting an experiment on how stimuli are represented by the firing of neurons, you notice that neurons respond differently to different faces. For example, Arthur's face causes three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the most and neuron 3 responding the least. Roger's face causes three different neurons to fire, with neuron 7 responding the least and neuron 9 responding the most. Your results support __________ coding. a. Specificity b. Distributed c. Divergence d. Sparse

d. Sparse

Before the advent of intercoms, old mansions had a sash in each room. Each sash was connected to a bell on a master board in the servants' office. When someone pulled a sash in a particular room, a bell corresponding to the room would ring on the master board, informing a servant where to go to provide assistance. This system is similar to which of the following? a. Localization Coding b. Population Coding c. Sparse Coding d. Specificity Coding

d. Specificity Coding