Chapter 2 Give Me Liberty

What were the key motivations behind early English settlement in the American colonies?

-acquisition of land, and thus a measure of personal independence -escape from the material and spiritual corruptions of England -the profits to be made in trans-Atlantic commerce

What were some characteristics of Roger William's Rhode Island colony?

-it was a refuge for religious nonconformists -it had not established church -it had no religious qualification for voting in the 1600s

T/F Because Puritan Massachusetts was deeply religious, ministers were frequently elected to colonial offices.

False

T/F Early new Englanders established trade relations with Local Indians; early Virginians did not.

False

T/F In 1585, the English attempted to establish Jamestown in North America.

False

T/F In Puritan Massachusetts, "visible saint" was a term used to describe people of outstanding kindness and generosity.

False

T/F In the 1600s in Massachusetts, full church membership was not required to vote in colony-wide elections.

False

T/F Intermarriage between Indians and English settlers was common.

False

T/F John Rolfe was the first governor of Virginia.

False

T/F New England quickly developed into a land of large plantations and landless servants.

False

T/F Ordinary settlers in Puritan Massachusetts were called "gentlement, ladies or master and misteress"

False

T/F Slavery was never allowed in the devoutly Christian colony of Massachusetts.

False

T/F The Half-Way Covenant (1662) held that believers in the divine right of kings were good.

False

What did the Puritans believe would get you into Heaven?

God predestined you to Heaven; no earthly act could change that

____________________,_________ is the first permanent English settlement in the area known as the United States.

Jamestown, VA

T/F Anne Hutchinson scandalized Massachusetts authorities both for her unorthodox religious ideas and for her "unwomanly" engagement in public issues.

True

T/F At the end of their period of indenture, indentured servants were often given "freedom dues" and became a free member of society.

True

T/F Colonial Massachusetts was organized into self-governing towns.

True

T/F John Rolfe married Powhatan's daughter.

True

T/F Most New England colonists sided with Parliament during the English Civil War.

True

T/F Seventeenth-century Maryland stood out for its system of absolute rule, but also for its practice of religious toleration.

True

T/F The first Thanksgiving celebrated the Pilgrim's survival and a successful harvest.

True

T/F The typical seventeenth-century woman in New England gave birth 7 times.

True

T/F Under the headright system, anyone who brought in a sizable number of servants would immediately acquire a large estate.

True

Virginia Company

private business organization whose shareholders included merchants aristocrats, and members of parliament; funded Jamestown; joint stock company

Calvert

proprietor in Maryland 1632; envisioned Maryland as a refuge for Catholics

Indentured Servant

someone who gives away their freedom for certain amount of time to gain passage to the New World

T/F Anne Hutchinson offended colonial leaders and was banished from Massachusetts because she claimed God spoke directly to her.

True

T/F Most immigrants to America from England in the 1600s were poor, young, single men.

True

T/F Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts for advocating freedom of individual conscience and religious choice.

True

T/F The "rights of Englishmen" were established in the Magna Carta.

True

John Winthrop

first governor of Massachusetts ("City upon a Hill")

Thomas Hooker

founded Hartford in 1647

Act Concerning Religion

free exercise of religion

Pequot War

fur trader killed by Indians in 1637, Connecticut and Massachusetts soldiers destroy Pequot village

Squanto

helped Pilgrims survive; First Thanksgiving with Squanto's tribe

Pocahontas

helped settlers, created peace between Native Americans and settlers, married John Rolfe

The expansion of tobacco cultivation in the early 1600s led to an increase in demand for which labor groups?

indentured servants

Mayflower Compact

obey just and equal laws enacted by representatives of the people's choosing in 1620

Richard Hakluyt

(1584) A Discourse Concerning Western Planting argued that settlement would strike a blow at England's most powerful Catholic enemy: Spain.

What were some significant outcome of the start of Chesapeake tobacco cultivation?

-a surge of revenue to the English crown -the emergence of a landed gentry, which enjoyed great social and political influence -a rush of newcomers from England, in pursuit of land and labor

What could a femme sole do in the 1600s?

-acquire land -manage her own plantation -act as a lawyer in court

Enclosure Movement

thousands of people in England were uprooted from their land for raising sheep to expand wool trade; caused overpopulation

What was Colonial VA's economic substitute for gold?

tobacco

T/F England's ongoing struggle to subdue Ireland delayed its entry into New World colonization.

True

T/F Harvard College was principally founded to educate young men into the ministry.

True

T/F In Puritan New England, a husband's authority in his house was nearly absolute; genuine freedom for a woman was understood to come from her subjection to her husband's will and desires.

True

T/F In the 1600s, nearly 2/3s of English settlers came as indentured servants.

True

T/F Indentures usually bound indentured servants for period of 5-7 years.

True

Anne Hutchinson

put on trial and banished in 1637 for opinions dangerous to authority

What are the eight major motivations?

religious freedom, land grab competition, overpopulation, poverty, money and gold, combat the black legend, primogeniture laws, masterless men

The English "enclosure" movement in the 1500s and 1600s forced small farmers off "commons" land so that the land could be taken up be ___________________

sheep.

Dower Right

married women gets 1/3 of husband's property if he dies

T/F All Pilgrims were Puritans

False

T/F Most migrants to seventeenth-century New England came out of the poorer reaches of English society.

False

What were the central themes of Puritan thought?

-the Church of England is overly steeped in ritural and dogma -people enter this world either "elect" or "damned"; how they live their lives has no effect on their prospects for salvation -true freedom means following God's will, not one's own natural impulses

What were some significant features of indentured servitude in the 17th century Virginia?

-unlike slaves, indentured servants were held in bondage only for a limited period of time -like slaves, they could be bought and sold, beaten, and denied permission to marry by their masters -although they could anticipate some kind of "freedom dues" upon completion of their indenture, many died beofre their terms expired

House of Burgesses

1619; first elected assembly in colonial America included in charter of grants and liberties; only landowners could vote, and VA Company could nullify anything body adopted

Roger Williams

1636; banished from Massachusetts; established Rhode Island; young puritan minister that believed it was essential to seperate Church and state

Act of Toleration

1649; able to practice religion of choice in Maryland as long as you believe in the divinity of Christ

Puritans

English Protestants who believed that the reforms of the Church of England did not go far enough

Powhatan

most prominent Native American leader in the original area of English settlement in Virginia

Dissenters

people in New England who did not agree with the Puritan

High rates of __________________ & __________________ were of the most prominent problems facing the early settlers of Jamestown.

death and disease

Half Way Covenant

half-way church membership for grandchildren of those who emigrated in Great Migration in 1662

Having fled religious intolerance in England, the Puritans in Massachusetts were _____________________ of persons who disagreed with their version of Christianity.

intolerant

English Liberty

king rules over free men

What was the main lure for the majority of migrants from England to the New World?

land ownership

John Smith

leads Jamestown settlement, developed relations with Powhatans

John Rolfe

married Pocahontas in 1614, introduced tobacco to the English colonies