Chapter 2 McGraw-Hill

Which of the following is a situation in which a bad ethical decision is made because of a lack of motivation rather than an error in condition?

A person making a bad ethical decision because it was easier to do the wrong thing

In the ethical decision-making process, identify the steps that might arise in reverse order, depending on the circumstances.

gathering information about the situation and noticing there is an issue and identifying it

According to Chugh and Bazerman, inattentional blindness results from failures in focusing, such as when one happens to focus on a particular element of a decision or event and misses all of the surrounding details, no matter how obvious

true

Moral imagination refers to creativity in identifying ethical options, and it helps a decision maker consider both obvious and much subtler options with regard to a particular ethical dilemma.

true

Normative myopia refers to shortsightedness about values.

true

all of the people impacted by an ethical decision, policy, or operation of a company or individual are known as, stakeholders

true

Identify the situation that best exemplifies willful ignorance leading to a bad ethical choice

Albert drives away from an accident scene, convincing himself that there were probably other people around to help

Which of the following aids in making decisions more responsible, accountable, and reasonable?

Approaching issues from perspectives different from one's own

To avoid making bad ethical decisions, people need courage, especially to

Avoid giving in to significant peer pressure

Identify the step taken in an ethical decision making process immediately before making a decision

Comparing and weighing alternatives

The omission known as change blindness occurs when _____.

Decision makers fail to notice gradual changes over time

Identify a true statement about ethical decision making in a business environment?

Decision makers must examine the implications of both their personal and professional decisions

Which of the following is the first step in making an ethically responsible decision?

Determining the facts of the situation

In ethical decision making, what does the step of making a decision involve?

Devising a plan and implementing it

What is essential to making decisions that are ethically responsible?

Differentiating facts from opinion

In an ethical decision making process, what is the next step after determining the facts, recognizing the ethical issues involved, and identifying the stakeholders?

Examining the available alternatives

Identify the critical elements of weighing the alternatives in an ethical decision

Examining ways to reduce any potential harmful effects Maximizing beneficial consequences

A person's understanding of facts does not affect the degree of reasonability of his ethical judgements.

False

Consequences or justifications always override every other consideration when comparing alternatives for ethical decision making.

False

Ethical decisions cannot be made on economic grounds.

False

Inattention blindness is the inability to recognize ethical issues.

False

Issue identification becomes the first step of the ethical decision-making process when no ethical issue or dilemma is known to the decision maker at the beginning.

False

Normative myopia occurs only in business

False

Stakeholders include only those groups and/or individuals who take calls on internal decisions, policies, or operations.

False

T/F: in ethical decision making, consequence and justifications are the only means for comparing alternatives

False

T/F: the sciences have nothing to do with ethical decision making

False

The best environment for high quality ethical decision making involves "thin air thinking."

False

The first step in making decisions that are ethically responsible is to consider all of the people affected by a decision, the people often called stakeholders.

False

Trying to understand another person's perspective of a situation usually leads to poor comparisons of alternatives for ethical decision making.

False

Which of the following causes inattentional blindness according to Bazerman and Chugh?

Focusing failures

In the ethical decision-making process, once one examines the facts and identifies the ethical issues involved, one should next _____.

Identify the stakeholders

Which of the following is true of moral imagination?

It distinguishes good people who make ethically responsible decisions from good people who do not.

Why is it a challenge to make ethically responsible decisions throughout life?

It is easy to passively conform to social expectations instead

Identify the true statement about normative myopia.

It refers to the shortsightedness about values.

Which of the following is predominantly responsible for ensuring that an organization's environment discourages unethical behavior and promotes ethical behavior?

Its business management and executive team

What are the factors that contribute to an environment of ethical challenges and unethical decisions?

Lack of oversight of corporate executive decisions High levels of corporate executive compensation Significant distance between decision makers and those whose lives they affect

Which step in the ethical decision-making process occurs once you have considered how a decision affects stakeholders by comparing and weighing the alternatives?

Making a decision

Identify the final step in the ethical decision-making process?

Monitoring and learning from outcomes

In the ethical decision-making process, creativity in identifying options is also known as _____.

Moral imagination

Which of the following elements is important not only to consider the obvious options with regard to a particular dilemma, but also the much more subtle ones that might not be evident at first glance?

Moral imagination

Identify the cognitive barrier which might appear to relieve us of accountability for a decision?

Using a simplified decision rule

Which of the following is the reason why normative myopia is especially liable to occur in a business context?

People are more likely to focus on the technical aspects of the task at hand in a business context, and thus, fail to recognize the ethical aspect.

In ethical decision making, what does weighing the alternatives require?

Predicting the impact each alternative will have on all the stakeholders

Identify the third step of the decision making process taken immediately after determining the facts and identifying ethical issues

Recognizing all of the people impacted by a decision

Which of the following is a second step in an ethical decision making process?

Recognizing the ethical issues involved

In ethical decision making, the act of choosing an alternative that fulfills minimum decision criteria involves

Satisficing

When making a decision, selecting the alternative that meets the minimum decision criteria is selected is known as _____

Satisficing

In order to avoid making unethical decisions to resolve an ethical issue, people need to train themselves to

Seek different methods of resolution

Which of the following is useful for examining the impact a decision will have on others?

Shifting one's role

What do decision makers use to reassure themselves that also leads to bad ethical decisions?

Simplified decision rules

example of an institutional role

Teacher

Which of the following is the best determinant of whether an economic decision is an ethical decision?

The extent to which the decision affects the well-being of the people it involves

What role do the sciences play in the first step of ethical decision making?

They help identify the facts surrounding one's decision

A critical element of comparing and weighing the alternatives is the consideration of ways to mitigate, minimize, or compensate for any possible harmful consequences.

True

Responsibility for the circumstances that can encourage ethical behavior and can discourage unethical behavior falls predominantly to the business management and executive team.

True

T/F: Decisions are often made based on people's understanding of who they are and who they want to be?

True

There is a role for science and theoretical reason in any study of ethics.

True

Within a business setting, only the ethical implications of professional decision making should be considered.

True

Within business, an organization's context sometimes makes it difficult for even the well-intentioned person to act ethically.

True

When is the identification of an issue the second step in an ethical decision making process?

When a selection of facts gives rise to a particular ethical dilemma

Which of the following conditions makes issue identification the first step in the ethical decision-making process?

When the issue is presented from the start

Stakeholders include

all of the groups and/or individuals affected by a decision, policy, or operation of a firm or individual.