Chapter 2: Network Standards

If two hosts are connected by five point-to-point networks, how physical links will there be when one host sends a packet to the other host?

6

In decimal, the binary number 110 is ________.

6

In TCP, port number fields are 16 bits long. How many possible port numbers are there?

64,536

Transmitting "Oh, My!" without the quotes in ASCII requires ________ octets.

7

"Octet" is the same as ________.

"byte"

How many alternatives can you represent with a 10-bit field?

1,024

Convert decimal 8 to binary.

1000

Convert a decimal number 15 to the binary number.

1111

ASCII has a 7-bit code. How many keyboard characters can it represent?

128

To represent 65 alternatives, your alternatives field would have to be at least ________ bits long.

7

Network standards ________.

decrease equipment prices

IETF standards typically begin as simple protocols which ________.

enhances development speed

2500 is in the range for ________ port numbers.

ephemeral

A message always has a ________.

header

In an HTTP, which one (browser or Webserver application program) transmits message first?

browser

If the destination internet process detects an error, it ________.

discards the packet

Converting application messages into bits is called ________.

encoding

The range of port 1024 to port 4999 is the usual range for ________ port numbers.

ephemeral

On a server, well-known port numbers indicate ________.

applications

During a connection opening, how many TCP segments will the side that initiates the connection send?

2

The five senses can be represented with a ________-bit field.

3

A 5-bit field can represent ________ alternatives or different combinations.

32

Convert the binary number 100 to decimal.

4

If two hosts are connected by five networks, how many routers will there be when one host sends a packet to the other host?

4

The UDP header has ________ fields.

4

To know what kind of message is in the Ethernet II data field, the receiver must look in the ________ field.

EtherType

T/F "Header" means the same thing as "Header Field."

False

T/F Ethernet syntax is displayed 32 bits on a line

False

T/F HTTP is a reliable protocol.

False

T/F Only applications from the IETF are likely to be able to run over TCP.

False

T/F The application layer processes application message fragmentation.

False

T/F There is always a data field in a message.

False

At what layer will you find standards for IP addresses?

Internet

At what layer will you find standards for packets?

Internet

At what layer will you find standards for routers?

Internet

At what layer will you find standards for routes?

Internet

Internet standards are published as ________.

RFCs

Which of the following protocols is reliable?

TCP

T/F A TCP segment can both send information and acknowledge an earlier message sent to its host.

True

Ethernet has a Frame Check Sequence Field to check for errors. Ethernet is ________.

Unreliable

Which of the following is NOT one of the three general parts of messages?

address field

At what layer is encoding done?

application

Standards mean the same thing as ________.

protocols

Host P transmits a SYN segment to Host Q. If host Q is willing to open the connection, it will transmit a(n) ________ segment.

SYN/ACK

In the Ethernet II frame, the IP packet is carried in the ________ field.

data

The ________ contains the content being delivered by a message.

data field

Not making all protocols reliable ________.

reliable

The destination socket is 60.171.18.22:161. The destination host is a(n) ________.

server

If you add one bit to an alternatives field, you can have ________.

twice as many alternatives

T/F TCP is a connection-oriented protocol.

True

If someone says that a 1-bit flag is set, it is given the value ________.

1

T/F The IP standard calls for IP packets to be carried in the Ethernet II version of the Ethernet frame.

True

T/F The internet process checks for errors.

True

It is typically advantageous to change a standard if the layer ________ gets an upgraded standard.

below it

At what layer will you find standards for access points? A) physical B) data link C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

both A and B

From which standards architectures do organizations typically take their standards? A) OSI B) TCP/IP C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

both A and B

In a four-step close, which side transmits a FIN segment? A) the side that initiates the close B) the side that does not initiate the close C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

both A and B

UDP ________. A) is unreliable B) has a checksum field C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

both A and B

Which layer(s) governs transmission through a single network? A) data link B) physical C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

both A and B

In HTTP, which program may initiate communication?

browser

The source socket is 60.171.18.22:2707. The source is a(n) ________.

client

For every conversation, a client randomly generates an ephemeral port number for ________.

conversations

At what layer will you find standards for EUI-48 addresses?

data link

At what layer will you find standards for frames?

data link

At what layer will you find standards for switches?

data link

If two hosts are connected by five networks, how many packets will there be when one host sends a packet to the other host?

1

In IP, the first bit in the second row is ________.

32

Which of the following is an integer?

4,307

If two hosts are connected by five networks, how many frames will there be when one host sends a packet to the other host?

5

Which of the following is an integer?

5,280

Which of the following is a standards agency for the Internet?

IETF

Which standards agency creates Internet standards?

IETF

Which standards agency is especially important for Internet supervisory processes?

IETF

Which standards agency is especially important for internet processes?

IETF

Which standards agency is especially important for transport processes?

IETF

Which of the following is a connectionless protocol?

IP

Which standards agency is especially important for data link processes?

ISO and ITU-T

A standards agency for OSI is ________.

ITU-T

Which of the following is a standards agency?

ITU-T

Which standards agency is especially important for physical transmission processes?

ITU-T

T/F A header is defined as everything that comes before the data field.

True

Which layer governs wires?

physical

T/F A trailer is defined as everything that comes after the data field.

True

T/F HTTP is a connectionless protocol.

True

T/F If you change a standard at one layer, you are not required to change standards at other layers.

True

If a destination host receives a correct segment, it will transmit ________.

an ACK segment

TCP has single-bit fields in its headers; these single-bit fields are called ________ fields.

flag

SYN segments have ________.

headers

TCP control segments normally have ________.

headers

Network standards provide ________.

interoperability

HTTP is ________. A) connection-oriented. B) reliable C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

neither A nor B

ISO standards are dominant in the OSI-TCP/IP layered standards architecture at the ________ layer. A) transport B) Internet C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

neither A nor B

Which layer(s) governs transmission through the Internet? A) data link B) physical C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

neither A nor B

Which of the following is a socket? A) 80 B) 21 C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

neither A nor B

Which of the following is an architecture? A) ISO B) IETF C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

neither A nor B

Which standards layer governs multiuser word processing programs? A) data link B) transport C) Internet D) none of the Above

none of the Above

Which standards layer governs peer-to-peer file sharing? A) data link B) transport C) Internet D) none of the Above

none of the Above

Which standards layer governs the World Wide Web? A) data link B) transport C) Internet D) none of the Above

none of the Above

A sending host will retransmit a TCP segment if it ________. A) receives an ACK segment B) receives an NAC segment C) receives an RPT segment D) none of the above

none of the above

How many bytes will it take to transmit "Brain Dead" without the quotation marks? A) 2 B) 3 C) 9 D) none of the above

none of the above

If a destination host does not receive a segment, it will ________. A) transmit an ACK segment B) transmit a NAC segment C) transmit an RSND segment D) none of the above

none of the above

If a destination host does not receive a segment, it will ________. A) transmit an ACK segment B) transmit an NAC segment C) transmit an RSND segment D) none of the above

none of the above

If a destination host receives an incorrect segment, it will ________. A) transmit an ACK segment B) transmit an NAC segment C) transmit an RSND segment D) none of the above

none of the above

Which standards layer governs e-mail? A) data link B) transport C) Internet D) none of the above

none of the above

If a destination host receives a TCP segment with an error, it will transmit ________.

nothing

After the side wishing to close a TCP connection sends a FIN segment, it will ________.

only send ACK segments

TCP messages are called ________.

segments

Standards layers provide services directly to ________.

the next-higher layer

Which part of a message is included less frequently when compared to the other two parts?

trailer

IETF standards are dominant in the OSI-TCP/IP layered standards architecture at the ________ layer.

transport

Which layer processes application message fragmentation?

transport

IP is ________.

unreliable