Chapter 2 Review matching

____ refers to bursts of release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron. a. Exocytosis b. Metabotropic c. Apoptosis d. Exostosis

a. Exocytosis

Stimulant drugs, including amphetamine and cocaine, decrease reuptake and prolong the effects of various neurotransmitters. Which of the following is not one of those neurotransmitters? a. GABA b. serotonin c. norepinephrine d. dopamine

a. GABA

Nitric oxide is an example of the ____ category of neurotransmitters. a. gas b. monoamine c. amino acid d. purine

a. gas

Sherrington inferred the presence of a gap between neurons based on ____. a. slower than predicted speed of conduction b. inconsistent occurrence of conduction c. suppression of reflexes d. the existence of spinal reflexes

a. slower than predicted speed of conduction

What term describes periodic production of action potentials, even without synaptic input? a. spontaneous firing b. IPSP c. EPSP d. spatial summation

a. spontaneous firing

Frederick is interested in using his diet to elevate his mood. His doctor suggested that he try to increase the amount of ____ in his diet, because it controls the amount of serotonin in the brain. a. tryptophan b. phenylalanine c. tyrosine d. lysine

a. tryptophan

____ is thought to help control appetite by decreasing it. a. Glucagon b. Leptin c. Renin d. FSH

b. Leptin

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced in the ____. a. pancreas b. adrenal medulla c. pituitary d. pineal

b. adrenal medulla

Many hallucinogenic drugs are chemically similar to ____. a. GABA b. serotonin c. acetylcholine d. dopamine

b. serotonin

Which of the following classic researchers is credited with demonstrating the existence of chemical synapses? a. Sherrington b. Ramón y Cajal c. Loewi d. Golgi

c. Loewi

In which neurotransmitter category does GABA belong? a. monoamines b. neuropeptides c. amino acids d. purines

c. amino acids

Neuropeptides are characterized by ____. a. being released by a single action potential b. being synthesized in presynaptic terminals c. being released mostly from dendrites d. having an action that lasts, at most, a few seconds

c. being released mostly from dendrites

Karin just burned her finger on a hot pan. What is the circuit from sensory neuron to muscle response called that transmitted the message that she should remove her finger from the pan? a. efferent circuit b. neural network c. reflex arc d. afferent loop

c. reflex arc

What term is used for the cumulative effect of repeated stimulation over a brief period of time? a. excitatory postsynaptic potential b. spatial summation c. temporal summation d. inhibitory postsynaptic potential

c. temporal summation

Tommy is addicted to smoking cigarettes and says he really enjoys smoking. Smoking cigarettes feels rewarding in part because it triggers the release of ____. a. GABA b. serotonin c. acetylcholine d. dopamine

d. dopamine

Most of the brain's excitatory ionotropic synapses use the neurotransmitter ____. a. substance P b. GABA c. nitric oxide d. glutamate

d. glutamate

The temporary hyperpolarization of a membrane is a(n) ____. a. excitatory postsynaptic potential b. spatial summation c. temporal summation d. inhibitory postsynaptic potential

d. inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Gordon is having trouble sleeping and decides to take a supplement containing a hormone that is manufactured in the pineal. What is he most likely taking? a. leptin b. renin c. glucagon d. melatonin

d. melatonin

Adenosine is an example of the ____ category of neurotransmitters. a. gas b. monoamine c. amino acid d. purine

d. purine

Consider a wiring arrangement of neurons in which the two neurons (A and B) stimulate a third neuron (X). Neither neuron A nor B can stimulate neuron X on its own, but can excite neuron X in combination. This is an example of ____. a. an IPSP and an EPSP b. an IPSP c. temporal summation d. spatial summation

d. spatial summation