Chapter 2 Smartbook

________________ reflect feelings about people, places, and objects and can be positive or negative.

Attitudes

Workplace attitudes come from the interaction of which of the following processes? Multiple select question. Group Organizational Individual Opportunity

Group Organizational Individual

Shalom Schwartz believed that _________ impact behavior across any context.

Values

Our values are influenced by the values of our ______ and by the ___________ we have as children.

Parents, experiences

Ajzen and Fishbein consider _______ as the key link between attitudes and planned behavior.

intentions

Childhood events tend to cause ______ to vary across generations.

values

In Ajzen's model, what is the best way to change a behavior? Multiple choice question. By modifying intentions By using "reverse psychology" and praising the behavior By punishing bad behavior By excluding those who exhibit poor behavior

By modifying intentions

Schwartz's second bipolar dimension ranges from self-directed independence or openness to ____________to _______________ .

Change, conformity

The statement "I believe" reflects which overall attitude component? Multiple choice question. Cognitive Affective Consistent Behavioral

Cognitive

Mena, a student, feels cognitive dissonance over her conflicting desires to hang out with her friends and to finish her class project. She reduces the dissonance by telling herself that finishing the project now means that she can have the entire weekend free to spend with her friends. Which method of reducing cognitive dissonance does this represent? Multiple choice question. Finding consonant elements that outweigh dissonant ones Appealing to higher authority Changing her attitude or behavior or both Belittling the importance of the inconsistent behavior

Finding consonant elements that outweigh dissonant ones

Workplace attitude surveys are valuable for managers because they can do which of the following? Multiple select question. Reveal employee engagement Select employees to terminate Pinpoint why employees quit Understand job satisfaction

Reveal employee engagement Pinpoint why employees quit Understand job satisfaction

Openness to change Conservation

Stimulation Self-direction Security Tradition

Which of the following are true about values? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. They are generally inconsistent. They are disconnected from any parental influence. They are generally stable. They can guide behavior subconsciously.

They are generally stable. They can guide behavior subconsciously.

Which of the following is true about attitudes? Multiple choice question. They do not cause conflict. They do not impact behavior. They range from positive to negative. They are the same for everyone.

They range from positive to negative.

True or false: Values and attitudes are usually in agreement.

True

When does cognitive dissonance occur? Multiple choice question. When a person's beliefs change over time When a person values his or her own thoughts and beliefs over those of others When a person holds two or more conflicting ideas, beliefs, values, or emotions When a person's beliefs go against those of his or her family, friends, or coworkers

When a person holds two or more conflicting ideas, beliefs, values, or emotions

Personal values exemplify global beliefs, while personal ________are more specific to particular situations, persons, or objects.

attitudes

Public opinion polls and surveys are methods used to measure workplace ___________ since they can predict likely behavior in the workplace and in society.

attitudes

Beliefs you have that concern something specific, such as a specific person, are known as personal Multiple choice question. faults. codes. attitudes. values.

attitudes.

Schwartz's first bipolar dimension includes self _ _________ and self- ________.

enhancement, transcendence

Affective Cognitive Behavioral

feelings or emotions that one has about a given object or situation beliefs or ideas that one has about a given object or situation how one intends or expects to act toward someone or something

According to Schwartz's theory, if an employee values benevolence and universalism, it makes sense to assign projects or tasks that: Multiple choice question. gives the employee influence have social value makes the employee feel safe give the employee power

have social value

Workplaces attitudes result from OB-related processes such as _____. Multiple choice question. values leadership results surveys

leadership

To ensure the highest levels of employee motivation, employers should strive to create work environments that: Multiple choice question. ignore employees' differences define employees' happiness limit employees' choices match employees' values

match employees' values

Shalom Schwartz believed that values ______ our behavior across any context. Multiple choice question. hide motivate discourage communicate

motivate

According to Schwartz's theory, an employee who values tradition will not want to work: Multiple choice question. with other employees as the leader of a group on a social cause on a holiday

on a holiday

In Schwartz's circular-motivation structure, individuals are least likely to hold two values that are Multiple choice question. on opposing sides of the circle. directly next to each other. within two or three slices of each other. shaded the same color.

on opposing sides of the circle.

Talking to team members working on a class project about solutions to obstacles can increase ______ and create positive intentions about doing the work. Multiple choice question. perceived behavioral control emotional resistance intentional ambiguity subjective norms

perceived behavioral control

When a work environment generally matches an employee's values, the which of the following are at their greatest? Multiple select question. employee conflict positive employee attitudes employee motivation positive employee assessments

positive employee attitudes employee motivation

Cognitive dissonance is a representation of: Multiple choice question. deep-rooted values. psychological discomfort. affective attitudes. extinguished behaviors.

psychological discomfort.

Which value is likely to be strongest in people who lived during the Great Depression? Multiple choice question. achievement power security benevolence

security

Workers who value their own personal success and power more than they value teamwork and the needs of others exhibit which of Schwartz's values? Multiple choice question. openness to change self-transcendence self-enhancement conservation

self-enhancement

In Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, a perceived social pressure for or against a behavior is a(n) Multiple choice question. subjective norm. attitude toward the behavior. perceived behavioral control. invalid intention.

subjective norm.

What drives behavior according to Schwartz's theory? Multiple choice question. biological factors such as our unique brain chemistry social conditioning imparted through years of interpersonal interactions external consequences and rewards the relative importance we place on two dimensions of opposing values

the relative importance we place on two dimensions of opposing values

When an employee enjoys the work being done and has a positive attitude, which of the following will be true? The employee will be more open to taking on greater burdens. The employee will reject new tasks. The employee will seek greater compensation. The employee will be more agreeable to working harder.

The employee will be more open to taking on greater burdens. The employee will be more agreeable to working harder.