Chapter 2 Test A&P

The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy levels, respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom (most likely to enter into a reaction or form a bond)?

2,8,1

Chlorine has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?

7

If an atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?

74 protons

Enzymes are biological catalysts. Which statement best describes enzymes?

Enzymes are proteins which decrease the activation energy of a reaction thus speeding the reaction up.

All molecules are compounds, but not all compounds are molecules.

False

Biochemical reactions are not sensitive to changes in pH.

False

DNA contains the pentose sugar ribose

False

Enzymes are carbohydrates

False

In a RNA molecule, adenine would pair with thymine during translation of a protein.

False

Lipids are water soluble

False

Proteins carry the genetic code

False

Identify all of the organic compounds in the list Glucose (C6H12O6) Nitrogen Gas (N2) Proteins Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Fats Oxygen DNA Water (H2O)

Glucose (C6H12O6), Proteins, Fats, DNA

What type of bonds often bind parts of a molecule into a specific three-dimensional shape such as DNA's double helix and globular proteins?

Hydrogen bonds

Select the Major Elements of the human body from the list (composing 96.1% of the body). Calcium Potassium Nitrogen Hydrogen Chlorine Oxygen Carbon Sodium

Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon

The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Which is the best explanation of why chemical reactions in the body are often irreversible?

Products are discarded as waste products and are unavailable to take place in the reverse reaction

Which of the following elements are necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses?

Sodium (Na), Potassium (K)

Proteins may be denatured by heat or acidity

True

Weak acids act as part of a buffer system

True

Select all of the answers that are considered to be trace elements (less than 0.01% of the human body). Zinc Phosphorus Manganese Chromium Cobalt Calcium Selenium Sodium Iodine

Zinc, Manganese, Chromium, Cobalt, Selenium

A solution with a pH of 2 could best be described as being

acidic

Identify the term that does not belong in the following list: lactose, galactose, lactase, amylase, glucose

amylase

(blank) contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1

carbohydrates

AB----> A+B This equation is an example of a/an (blank) reaction. (Remember reactants are on the left and products are on the right.)

catabolic or decomposition reaction

An electrically charged particle that has lost an electron is a/an

cation

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) (blank) reaction

dehydration synthesis

Lactose is a fascinating subject which involves a number of areas of scientific inquiry including genetics, enzymology, and pharmacology. What might be symptoms of lactose intolerance or lactase nonpresistance when a person drinks milk?

flatulence (gas), diarrhea, high blood glucose

(picture of curled ribbon) What level of protein structure is represented by the diagram ( each color represents a different polypeptide chain)?

globular protein exhibiting quaternary structure

Starch is the stored carbohydrates in plants while (blank) is the stored carbohydrates in animals

glycogen

What happens when globular proteins are denatured?

hydrogen bonds are broken causing active sites to be destroyed

In atoms, protons and electrons are found

inside and outside of the nucleus respectively

What type of chemical bond would form between an element with 11 protons and an element with 17 protons?

ionic

Matter takes on the form of solid, (blank), or gas

liquid

A neutral subatomic particle is a

neutron

(picture of nucleotide) Identify this building block of our genetic macromolecule

nucleotide

Identify the macromolecule. (blank) are the primary component of meat, cheese, and beans

protein

A substance that, in water, separates into a large number of hydroxide ions (OH-) is a

strong base

An important buffer system in the human body involves carbon dioxide (CO2) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) as shown: CO2+H2O<--->H2CO3<---->H+ +HCO3- If a person becomes excited and exhales large amounts of CO2, how will his or her body's pH be affected?

the equilibrium will shift leaving less H+ in the blood thus causing a rise in pH`

Biochemistry is "wet" chemistry. What molecule in the body is essential for biochemical reactions?

water

Which group contains only inorganic molecules?

water, electrolytes, oxygen, carbon dioxide