Chapter 2 The Enlightenment and the American Revolution

How did the arts and literature change as Enlightenment ideas spread?

As Enlightenment ideas spread, the art moved from religion and government to elegant paintings of nobles.

What let to Britain's rise to global prominence in the mid-1700s?

Each victory in war brought Britain more lands. In addition, Britain was in a position to control trade.

How did Hobbes and Locke differ in their views on the roles of government?

Hobbes believed in an absolute monarchy, Locke said the best government had little power and was accepted by all citizens.

During this time, why did change occur slowly for most Europeans?

Most of the population was serfs or peasants, so none of the reforms weren't a very dramatic change for them. It didn't have a direct effect on them.

Why did Smith support laissez faire

Since Laissez Fair allowed business to operate with little or no government of interference. And Smith argued that the free market should be allowed to regulate business activity. tried to show how manufacturing trade, wages, profits, & economic growth were all linked to the market. These two ideas come together to build better businesses, and economy.

What advantages did the colonies have in battling Britain for their Independence?

The Americans had the French on their side, and the French helped trap the British fleets so they had to surrender.

What Enlightenment ideas are reflected in the Declaration of Independence?

The Declaration included the principles of John Locke. It also included the right to revolt against an unjust ruler, such as the social contract states.

What topics were addressed by the philosophers in their encyclopedia articles?

The encyclopedia explained topics by favoring enlightenment. The encyclopedia explained topics such as government, philosophy, and religion.

What did those opposed to Enlightenment ideas do to stop the spreading of information?

The government and the church felt that they had to defend the old order. They did this by using censorship. Many writers used fiction novels to disguise their ideas.

In what ways were the colonies already developing independence from Britain?

There was much free discussion, and social classes weren't as dominant. The colonial assemblies exercised much control over local affairs. They had a sense of their own destiny separate from Britain.

Explain the influence of Enlightenment ideas on the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights.

These two documents reflected some of the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers, such as Locke's ideas of natural rights, and Rousseau's social contract.

What convinced educated Europeans to accept the power of reason?

They explored the human nature, and found Enlightenment. They believe that natural law could help explain the aspects of humanity.

Why were the philosophes interested in sharing their beliefs with European rulers?

They were hoping that their ideas would spread through the rulers. They also hoped that the ideas would change the laws and governments that some countries had