chapter 2
Napolean Chagnon
Writes among the Yanomamo emphasized of their violent aggression and claimed its centrality to their culture. He argued that this violence is natural in human behavior and social organization.
culture complexes
a cluster of interrelated traits
society
a community of people who share a common culture and feeling of unity
culture trait
a culture trait is an individual tool, act, or belief that is related to a particular situation or need
mundugumor
aggression, jealous, violent, competitive, hostile people located in the mountain range of new guinea
San
also called the bushmen lived in Southern Africa and part of East Africa
George Murdock
anthropologist who complied a list of over 60 cultural universals
folkways
are norms that describe socially acceptable behaviors but do not have great moral significance
Arapesh
contented, gentle, nonaggressive, receptive, trusting, and warm people whose society is based on complete cooperation, live in close-knit villages consisting of clans
counterculture
cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society
Edwin Sutherland
developed the differential association theory which talks about learning an excess of definition for deviance may make you more likely to be deviant
mores
norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance
laws
rules of society that are enforced by government
values
shared beliefs of what is wrong or right, good or bad.
norms
shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations
culture universals
something that every culture has
Margaret Mead
studied in new guinea to learn and participate in their cultural activities
cultural relativism
the belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards by applying the standards of another culture
culture patterns
the combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole
culture
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
language
the organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system
material culture
the physical objects a group creates
ethnocentrism
the tendency to view your own culture and group as superior
subculture
the unique cultural characteristics of these groups
technology
tools and skills people use to meet their basic needs
Marvin Harris
A Neomaterialist, developed the approach of Cultural Materialism, which explains culture based on the practical problems of earthly human existence.
yanomamo
A tribe in southern venesuela and brazil, who are horticulturalists and value warfare and displays of physical strength. the Fierce People
non-material culture
Abstract human creations like beliefs and ideas