chapter 20
Which of the following statements reflects what a person would say in the first stage of Kübler-Ross' five stages of dying?
"The doctor is wrong. I need to get a second opinion. The doctor must have mixed my file up with someone else's."
What is the most common characteristic of Kübler-Ross' first stage of dying?
Denial
Adults should take children's ______ into account when explaining death.
age and maturity
Tracy has been talking to her father about death after having experienced the death of her grandfather. She asks her dad if he thinks that her grandfather saw a bright white light and went to Heaven. She also asks her father if he thinks she could talk to her grandfather through a spiritual medium. How old do you think Tracy is?
13
The highest risk of sudden infant death syndrome occurs at what age?
2 to 4 months of age
What percentage of Americans die in nursing homes?
20%
More than _____ of Americans die in hospitals in a given year.
50%
What percentage of bereaved individuals have prolonged or complicated grief that lasts more than 6 months following their loss?
7 to 10 percent
Jennifer believes that if people die, they can be brought back to life by doctors. Jennifer is most likely how old?
7 years old
What percentage of survivors experience normal grief reactions?
80 to 90 percent
According to research, at which age do children begin to view death as universal and irreversible?
9 years old
What percentage of hospice care is currently provided in patients' homes?
90
Which of the following has not been found to be an outcome for a person who has lost a spouse or intimate partner?
A consistent lack of prolonged grief
Which of the following statements are true regarding the definition of brain death? (choose all correct answers)
A person can still have a heartbeat after the higher portions of the brain have died. A flat EEG recording for a specified period of time is one criterion of brain death.
Which of the following has not been identified as a possible outcome related to children who lose a parent?
An easier understanding of death after the initial loss
Which of the following is a common response from a person in Kübler-Ross' second stage of dying?
Asking the question "Why me?" Feeling resentful towards healthy family members Feeling resentful towards healthy family members
Rachel has been diagnosed with terminal cancer. She has been spending a lot of time at her church and praying to God. Specifically she has said to God that if she lives, she will donate half of her money to the church and volunteer at her local food pantry. Which of Kübler-Ross' stages of dying does this reflect?
Bargaining
Which of the following is not one of the stages of dying according to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross' stages of dying?
Contemplation
Which statement accurately reflects how the dual-process model of coping with bereavement works?
Coping with loss and engaging in restoration can be carried out concurrently.
Which two statements summarize the controversy regarding what experts argue should be the correct definition of brain death?
Death of higher cortical functioning should be sufficient for a brain death finding because those functions equal the "human being." Death of both the higher and lower portions of the brain should be necessary for a brain death determination.
Which of the following statements best reflects the outcome of communicating about death with a dying person?
Discussing death openly with the dying individual has many benefits for the person.
What is the most beneficial type of communication one can have with a dying person?
Discussions regarding the strengths of the individual and preparation for the remainder of life
In the Amish community, for how long do community members provide a high level of support to the bereaved family?
For at least one year
Understanding of the certainty of death appears in which stage of Kübler-Ross' five stages of dying?
Fourth stage: depression
Which of the following are arguments that critics present against the funeral industry?
Funeral directors are focused more on making money than on providing closure. Embalming is a grotesque practice.
What type of emotional reactions can be expected after the sudden accidental death of a child Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms
Grief that is more intense and prolonged than a death that is not unexpected Sleep disturbances, nightmares, and other symptoms of trauma Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms
What are the TWO primary goals of hospice care?
Helping dying patients face death in a psychologically healthy way Bringing pain under control
Which of the following are the most common causes of death in childhood?
Illness Accidents
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate strategy for communicating with a dying person?
Insist that the person accept death.
According to research, how does volunteer work benefit women who have become widows?
It accelerates a decline in depressive symptoms. It protects against depressive symptoms.
Why does the inclusion of the dying patient's family in hospice care benefit the family members?
It can diminish their guilt after the loved one's death.
Which of the following are part of the dual-process model of coping with bereavement?
Loss-oriented stressors Restoration-oriented stressors
Which of the following statements is consistent with the experiences that many dying individuals face near the time of death?
Many health care professionals have not been trained to provide adequate end-of-life care.
At which point in adulthood is the fear of death the greatest?
Middle adulthood
According to research, which of the following age groups fears death more than the others?
Middle-aged adults
Monique's mother has recently passed away, and Monique needs to talk to her 5-year-old son about his grandmother's death. Which of the following strategies would a psychologist most likely suggest?
Monique should be honest with her son about his grandmother's death and answer any questions he might have.
Kevin is an adult who has been asked what he would want to accomplish if he had only six months to live. He says he'd spend his time meditating and contemplating the meaning of his life. Kevin is most likely in what phase of the life span?
Older adulthood
Which of the following statements is consistent with deaths that occurred in 1900?
People were cared for at home by their families at the time of death.
What has been found to help dying individuals become more alert and cheerful?
Perceived control
Which of the following statements captures the reality of the death system in developing nations such as India and in parts of Africa?
Poverty, illness, and conflict make death impossible to deny as a daily reality.
Travis is experiencing the loss of his brother who died from cancer. He feels numb and as if the future does not hold anything for him without his brother. He cannot move on from the loss. What is Travis experiencing?
Prolonged grief
What does palliative care focus on?
Reducing pain and suffering
Which of the following reactions have been found to follow after the death of a loved one?
Separation anxiety Yearning Pining
Carol has terminal cancer. She has read that eating certain foods has been found to prolong a person's life. Therefore she spends a great deal of time preparing meals for herself. She was given six months to live but has now exceeded that time. She owes it to her diet and perseverance. What can we expect of Carol's demeanor?
She will most likely be more alert and cheerful.
About how long after the death of a loved one do most of the negative feelings associated with the death diminish?
Six months
What type of emotional reactions can be expected after the sudden accidental death of a child?
Sleep disturbances, nightmares, and other symptoms of trauma Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms Grief that is more intense and prolonged than a death that is not unexp
What is the leading cause of infant death in the United States?
Sudden infant death syndrome
What has been found to help dying individuals become more alert and cheerful?
Supportive medical staff
Which of the following statements does not reflect how those dealing with the loss of a loved one tend to "make sense of the world" as a part of the grieving process?
Survivors of loss tend to wish to be alone immediately following the loss.
Which of the following statements is most accurate with regard to attitudes toward death?
The ages of children and adults influence the way they experience and think about death.
Which of the following deaths typically would not result in an intense and prolonged grieving process for the survivors?
The death of a grandparent from a serious disease
Which of the following is not an advantage of discussing death openly with a dying individual?
The dying person can avoid feeling depressed about impending death.
Which of the following is a criticism made by Robert Kastenbaum about Kübler-Ross' five stages of dying?
The five-stage sequence has not been substantiated empirically.
Which of the following statements is consistent with all forms of euthanasia?
The patient is diagnosed with an incurable disease or severe disability.
Which statement is typical of how a person in Kübler-Ross' third stage of dying would react?
The person tries to negotiate in order to live a little longer.
Which of the following statements accurately reflects how psychologists today utilize Kubler-Ross' five stages of dying?
The stages are typically used not as stages but as potential reactions to dying.
Which of the following is an argument that supporters present for holding funerals and other community events to remember the deceased?
They provide a form of closure for family members of the deceased.
True or false: Among the Hopi of Arizona, the deceased are forgotten as quickly as possible and life carries on as usual.
True
True or false: In childhood, death occurs most often because of accidents or illness.
True
True or false: Spirituality has been found to help buffer dying individuals from severe depression.
True
What has been found to reduce depressive symptoms and enhance self-efficacy in widows and widowers following the loss of a spouse?
Volunteer work
Which of the following is an appropriate strategy to use when communicating with a dying person?
You should allow the person to reminisce.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding age-related conceptions of death?
Young children as early as 4 to 5 years of age understand that death is irreversible.
Monica is an adult who has been asked what she would do if she only had six months to live. She responds that she would travel to Italy, go sky-diving, and volunteer at the Salvation Army. Based on studies evaluating attitudes toward death in adulthood, Monica is most likely to be
a younger adult.
Adolescents develop more ______ conceptions of death than children do.
abstract
Robert is an 80-year-old man who has been given three months to live. He has requested to be left alone. When asked, he says that he is not feeling much physical pain and seems devoid of feeling. He realizes he is going to die and feels a sense of peace. Which of Kübler-Ross' five stages of dying is he in?
acceptance
Thomas is an 88-year-old man with incurable cancer. He has been given approximately one month to live. He is suffering with intense pain and has asked that he be aided in taking a lethal dose of a medication to end his life. Thomas is asking for
active euthanasia.
is often found to be a factor in deadly motor vehicle accidents involving adolescents.
alcohol
In the Gond culture of India, death is believed to be
caused by magic and demons.
The determination of death in recent decades is
complex because signs of death are not always clear.
The diverse grieving patterns that people display are embedded practices.
culturally
can play an adaptive role by insulating a dying individual against intense feelings of anger and hurt, but it can also function as a maladaptive strategy.
denial
When an individual's grief over a deceased person is a socially ambiguous loss that cannot be openly mourned it is called grief. (Make sure to spell correctly to get full credit!)
disenfranchised
Anastasia had an abortion when she was 18 years old. Even though she made the decision to end the pregnancy, she experienced a deep and pervasive grief for many years. Ten years later, her sister became pregnant. When Anastasia heard the news, she cried for days. Anastasia was experiencing
disenfranchised grief.
When an individual's grief over a deceased person is a socially ambiguous loss that cannot be openly mourned it is called
disenfranchised grief.
In the ______ model of coping, effective coping with bereavement often involves an oscillation between coping with loss and coping with restoration.
dual-process
True or false: People of all ages can understand that death is irreversible and final.
false
Roger's wife just passed away. He has responded to the loss by repeatedly saying, "I can't believe it," and exhibiting deep despair by crying and sighing. Roger is experiencing ______.
grief
The emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love is called .
grief
In terms of setting, most individuals say they would prefer to die at .
home
Around 90 percent of ______ care is provided in patients' homes.
hospice
Diana is a health-care professional who takes pride in the fact that she works to make her terminally ill patients as comfortable as possible, to involve their families in the process, and to help patients and loved ones cope with death. Diana is most likely someone who works in a(n)
hospice program.
Communication with someone who is dying should be directed toward
internal growth.
The religion that has a program of mourning divided into graduated time periods, each with its appropriate practices, is .
judaism
Positive and negative reappraisals of one's loss are associated with -oriented stressors in the dual-process model of coping.
loss
The dual-process model of coping with bereavement consists of two main dimensions called -oriented stressors and -oriented stressors.
loss restoration
When a death is caused by an accident or a disaster, the effort to ______ is pursued more vigorously.
make sense of it
Reducing pain and helping individuals die with dignity is the goal of
palliative care.
Psychologists prefer to describe Kübler-Ross' stages as ______ to dying.
potential reactions
Enduring despair that remains unresolved over an extended period of time is called ______.
prolonged grief
For many children, the death of a ______ can have similar outcomes as the loss of a parent.
sibling
When a person reports financial loss, loneliness, increased physical illness, and a psychological disorder such as depression after a loss, one could assume that the person who died was the person's
spouse.
Hospices are more likely to serve people with ______ than those with other life-threatening conditions.
terminal cancer
Components such as people (clergy), places (Vietnam Memorial Wall), times (9/11/2001), objects (wearing black in mourning), and symbols (skull and crossbones) are all part of what Robert Kastenbaum calls
the death system.
True or false: A common occurrence is for family members to go over again and again all of the events that led up to the death as a part of the grieving process.
true
True or false: People in late adulthood are most likely to die from chronic diseases, such as heart disease and cancer.
true