Chapter 20 PrepU

Inspection of a patient's skin color is part of the assessment of the integumentary system. Cyanosis, which is a late indicator of hypoxia, is present when the unoxygenated hemoglobin level is:

5 g/dL

The Family Nurse Practitioner is performing a physical examination of a client. The Nurse Practitioner examines the client's anterior, posterior, and lateral chest walls. What is the Nurse Practitioner assessing?

Evidence of muscle weakness

Which ventilation-perfusion ratio is exhibited by a pulmonary embolus?

Dead space

Which is an age-related change associated with the respiratory system?

Decreased size of the airway

Which of the following is an age-related change associated with the lung?

Increased thickness of the alveolar membranes

The nurse is caring for a client in the immediate post-thoracentesis period. In which position is the client placed?

Lying on the unaffected side

The student nurse is learning breath sounds while listening to a client in the physician's office. An experienced nurse is assisting and notes air movement over the trachea to the upper lungs. The air movement is noted equally on inspiration as expiration. Which breath sounds would the nurse document?

Normal bronchovesicular sounds

Which of the following ventilation-perfusion mismatch would correlate with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Silent Unit

The nurse is caring for a client with a decrease in airway diameter causing airway resistance. The client experiences coughing and mucus production. Upon lung assessment, which adventitious breath sounds are anticipated?

Wheezes

A client is chronically short of breath and yet has normal lung ventilation, clear lungs, and an arterial oxygen saturation SaO2 of 96% or better. The client most likely has:

a possible hematologic problem.

The nurse is performing an assessment of a patient who arrived in the emergency department with a barbiturate overdose. The respirations are normal for 3 to 4 breaths followed by a 60-second period of apnea. How does the nurse document the respirations?

Biot's respirations

A nurse is instructing a client who is scheduled for a perfusion lung scan. What teaching should the nurse include in the information about the procedure?

A mask will be placed over the nose and mouth during the test. The client will be expected to lie under the camera. The imaging time will amount to 20 to 40 minutes.

The nurse is reviewing the blood gas results for a patient with pneumonia. What arterial blood gas measurement best reflects the adequacy of alveolar ventilation?

PaCO2

What is the primary function of the larynx?

Producing sound

A student nurse is working with a client who is diagnosed with head trauma. The nurse has documented Cheyne-Stokes respirations. The student would expect to see which of the following?

Regular breathing where the rate and depth increase, then decrease

It is important for the nurse to provide required information and appropriate explanations of diagnostic procedures to clients with respiratory disorders in order to

manage decreased energy levels.

A nurse is teaching a client about the functions of the larynx. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

Producing sound Facilitating coughing Protecting the lower airway from foreign objects

A patient exhibited signs of an altered ventilation-perfusion ratio. The nurse is aware that adequate ventilation but impaired perfusion exists when the patient has which of the following conditions?

Pulmonary embolism

A client will be undergoing a bronchoscopy. Which statement shows that the client understands the procedure?

"It sounds like the different drugs will make this much easier to stand."

Normally, approximately what percentage of the blood pumped by the right ventricle does not perfuse the alveolar capillaries?

2%

A client with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is scheduled for a thoracentesis. Which nursing intervention would be appropriate for client safety?

Administering a cough suppressant as needed

Understanding pulmonary physiology, what characteristic would the nurse expect to result in decreased gas exchange in older adults?

Alveolar walls containing fewer capillaries

A patient visited a health care clinic for treatment of upper respiratory tract congestion, fatigue, and sputum production that was rust-colored. Which of the following diagnoses is likely based on this history and inspection of the sputum?

An infection with pneumococcal pneumonia

The nurse auscultated a patient's middle lobe of the lungs for abnormal breath sounds. To do this, the nurse placed the stethoscope on the:

Anterior surface of the right side of the chest, between the fourth and fifth rib.

The nurse is caring for clients on the neurological unit. Which triad of neurological mechanisms does the nurse identify as most responsible when there is abnormality in ventilation control?

Aortic arch, pons, and CO2 receptor sites

The nurse is caring for a client reporting chest discomfort. The client's diagnosis at admission is left lower lobe pneumonia. Which strategy will the nurse instruct the client to use to help alleviate the discomfort?

Assume a left side-lying position while in bed

In a patient diagnosed with increased intracranial pressure (IICP), the nurse would expect to observe which of the following respiratory rate or depth?

Bradypnea

A nurse is performing a respiratory assessment on a client with pneumonia. She asks the client to say "ninety-nine" several times. Through her stethoscope, she hears the words clearly over his left lower lobe. What term should the nurse use to document this finding?

Bronchophony

A thoracentesis is performed to obtain a sample of pleural fluid or a biopsy specimen from the pleural wall for diagnostic purposes. What does serous fluid indicate?

Cancer

The nurse auscultates crackles in a patient with a respiratory disorder. With what disorder would crackles be commonly heard?

Collapsed alveoli

A client has suspected fluid accumulation in the pleural space of the lungs and is scheduled for a thoracentesis. The nurse will implement which of the following for this procedure? Select all that apply.

Educate the client about the need to cleanse the thoracic area. Apply pressure to the puncture site after the procedure. Complete a respiratory assessment after the procedure.

While assessing for tactile fremitus, the nurse palpates almost no vibration. Which of the following conditions in this client's history will account for this finding?

Emphysema

A nurse is obtaining a health history from a client who reports hemoptysis for the past 2 months. The client reports occasional dyspnea. Which imaging study, ordered by the physician, will view the thoracic cavity while in motion?

Fluoroscopy

A physician wants a study of diaphragmatic motion because of suspected pathology. What does the nurse anticipate that the physician will most likely order?

Fluoroscopy

A client is seen in the emergency room for a case of diabetic acidosis with the presence of Kussmaul respirations. What client condition is associated with the presence of Kussmaul respirations?

HYPERventilation

You are assessing the respiratory system of a client just admitted to your unit. What do you know to assess in addition to the physical and functional issues related to breathing?

How these issues affect the client's quality of life

On arrival at the intensive care unit, a critically ill client suffers respiratory arrest and is placed on mechanical ventilation. The physician orders pulse oximetry to monitor the client's arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) noninvasively. Which vital sign abnormality may alter pulse oximetry values?

Hypotension

A pediatrician diagnosed a child with swollen and inflamed adenoids. The nurse practitioner confirmed the diagnosis by:

Inspecting the roof of the nasopharynx

Which respiratory volume is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after maximal expiration?

Inspiratory reserve volume

A new nurse auscultates adventitious breath sounds but is not sure what to document and confers with an experienced nurse. This experienced nurse documents a pleural friction rub. Which of the following did the experienced nurse do during her assessment to identify the rub?

Instructed the client to hold the breath

A client presents to the ED reporting severe coughing episodes. The client states that "the episodes are more intense at night." The nurse should suspect which of the following conditions based on the client's primary report?

Left-sided heart failure

The nurse is working on a busy respiratory unit. In caring for a variety of clients, the nurse must be knowledgeable of diagnostic studies. With which diagnostic studies would the nurse screen the client for an allergy to iodine?

Lung scan Fluoroscopy Pulmonary angiography

The nurse is caring for a client with hypoxemia of unknown cause. Which of the following oxygen transport considerations does the nurse identify as crucial to circulate oxygen in the body system?

Oxygen is dissolved Oxyhemoglobin circulates to the body tissue Adequate red blood cells are needed for oxygen transport

A client with chronic bronchitis is admitted to the health facility. Auscultation of the lungs reveals low-pitched, rumbling sounds. What breath sound should the nurse document?

Rhonchi

A client arrives at the physician's office stating 2 days of febrile illness, dyspnea, and cough. Upon assisting the client into a gown, the nurse notes that the client's sternum is depressed, especially on inspiration. Crackles are noted in the bases of the lung fields. Based on inspection, which will the nurse document?

The client has a funnel chest.

Which homeostatic mechanism would the body of a critically ill client use to maintain normal pH?

The lungs eliminate carbonic acid by blowing off more CO2

An client is described as having pectus carinatum. What would be the physical manifestation of this condition?

The sternum protrudes and the ribs are sloped backward

Perfusion refers to blood supply to the lungs, through which the lungs receive nutrients and oxygen. What are the two methods of perfusion?

The two methods of perfusion are the bronchial and the pulmonary circulation.

The nurse is studying for a physiology test over the respiratory system. What should the nurse know about central chemoreceptors in the medulla?

They respond to changes in CO2 levels and hydrogen ion concentrations (pH) in the cerebrospinal fluid.

A patient's lung volumes and capacities were assessed to help determine the cause of a respiratory problem. Which of the following findings are indicative of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Vital capacity of 3000 mL