Chapter 20 The Urinary System

36) Where does most nutrient reabsorption occur? A) 2 B) 1 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6

1

34) Approximately ________ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day A) 480 B) 180 C) 125 D) 18 E) 1.8

180

4) Typical renal blood flow is about ________ percent of cardiac output under resting conditions. A) 5 B) 10 C) 25 D) 40 E) 50

25

30) The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney. 1. afferent arteriole 2. arcuate artery 3. interlobar artery 4. renal artery 5. glomerulus 6. cortical radiate artery 7. efferent arteriole 8. peritubular capillary The proper order in which blood passes through these vessels is A) 4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5, 7, 8. B) 4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8. C) 4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 5, 1, 8. D) 4, 6, 2, 3, 7, 5, 1, 8. E) 4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 7, 8.

4,3,2,6,1,5,7,8

37) Which area is sensitive to the hormone ADH? A) 1 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 and 6 E) 4,5, and 6

5 and 6

43) As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation? A) 1 B) 38 C) 63 D) 74 E) 99

99

49) A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is may be due to A) excessive ADH secretion. B) absence of ADH. C) hematuric oliguria. D) overproduction of aldosterone. E) dilation of the afferent arterioles.

absence of ADH

57) The condition called ________ is characterized by painful or difficult urination. This condition can be due to pathologic or benign causes. A) incontinence B) dysuria C) pyelonephritis D) renal calculi E) urinary retention

dysuria

15) Identify the structure labeled "6" A) renal pelvis B) minor calyx C) ureter D) major calyx E) renal column

renal column

20) Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the A) renal pyramid. B) nephron loop (loop of Henle). C) renal corpuscle. D) renal papilla. E) collecting tubule system

renal corpuscle

51) An inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is A) glomerulonephritis. B) polycystic kidney disease. C) calculi. D) renal failure. E) hematuria.

renal failure

16) Identify structure labeled "8" A) renal sinus B) fibrous capsule C) renal pyramid D) renal papilla E) renal column

renal papilla

10) The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the A) renal sinus. B) renal pelvis. C) renal calyx. D) renal hilum. E) renal corpuscle.

renal pelvis

6) The outermost layer of the kidney is the A) renal cortex. B) renal medulla. C) major calyx. D) fibrous capsule. E) renal pelvis.

renal pelvis

7) The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the A) renal papilla. B) renal pelvis. C) renal medulla. D) renal cortex. E) renal sinus.

renal pelvis

17) Identify the structure labeled "5" A) renal sinus B) fibrous capsule C) renal pyramid D) renal papilla E) renal column

renal pyramid

3) The left kidney lies ________ to the right kidney. A) slightly inferior B) slightly superior C) slightly posterior D) slightly transverse E) slightly ipsilateral

slightly superior

12) Which of the following descriptions best matches the renal papilla? A) releases renin B) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration C) final urine enters here D) initial filtrate enters here E) tip of the medullary pyramid

tip of the medullary pyramid

14) Identify the structure labeled "10" A) renal pelvis B) minor calyx C) ureter D) major calyx E) renal column

ureter

44) In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce A) a larger volume of urine B) urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions C) urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions D) urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions E) urine with less glucose

urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions

39) Substances larger than ________ do not pass through the filtration membrane. A) sodium ions B) glucose C) albumin D) amino acids E) urea

albumin

9) Renal columns are A) internal cavities lined by the fibrous capsule. B) expanded ends of the ureters. C) the basic functional units of the kidney. D) bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex. E) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla.

bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex

23) The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the A) nephron loop (loop of Henle). B) proximal convoluted tubule. C) distal convoluted tubule. D) papillary tubule. E) calyx.

distal convoluted tubule

28) The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries. A) peritubular B) glomerular C) vasa recta D) cortical E) efferent

peritubular

13) Identify the structure labeled "9" A) renal pelvis B) minor calyx C) ureter D) major calyx E) renal column

renal pelvis

46) Which of the following is greater? A) the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the beginning of the nephron loop (loop of Henle) B) the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop (loop of Henle) C) The concentration at the top and bottom are identical

the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop (loop of Henle)

33) The process of filtration occurs at A) the proximal convoluted tubule B) the distal convoluted tubule C) the collecting duct D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle) E) the glomerular (Bowmen's) capsule

the glomerular (Bowmen's) capsule

54) The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium. A) stratified squamous B) pseudostratified columnar C) simple cuboidal D) transitional E) simple columnar

transitional

21) A glomerulus is A) the expanded end of a nephron. B) a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle. C) the source of erythropoietin. D) attached to the collecting duct. E) the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron.

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle

50) ________ is (are) an immediately life-threatening condition, however, if an individual survives the incident, full recovery is often possible. A) Acute renal failure B) Chronic renal failure C) Dysuria D) Prostate enlargement E) Kidney stones

acute renal failure

32) Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include A) hydrogen. B) penicillin. C) creatinine. D) potassium ions. E) all of the above

all of the above

45) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term nephron loop (loop of Henle)? A) relies on countercurrent multiplication B) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration in the renal medulla C) enables production of hypertonic urine D) all of the above E) none of the above

all of the above

48) The mechanism for producing concentrated urine involves A) the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). B) aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells. C) a high concentration of NaCl in the interstitial fluid that surrounds the collecting ducts. D) a properly functioning nephron loop (loop of Henle). E) all of the above

all of the above

56) During the micturition reflex, A) stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord. B) sympathetic motor neurons that control the detrusor muscle become active. C) the internal sphincter is consciously relaxed. D) all of the above E) none of the above

all of the above

5) The renal sinus is A) the innermost layer of kidney tissue. B) part of a renal pyramid. C) an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule. D) a large branch of the renal pelvis. E) a renal corpuscle.

an internal cavity lined by a fibrous capsule

40) The process of filtration is driven by A) active transport B) blood somatic pressure C) blood hydrostatic pressure D) renal pumping E) solvent drag

blood hydrostatic pressure

26) The glomeruli are best described as being tufts of A) arteries. B) veins. C) venules. D) capillaries. E) arterioles.

capillaries

52) Which of the following is characterized as a slowly progressing disease that is irreversible? A) acute renal failure B) chronic renal failure C) dysuria D) prostate enlargement E) kidney stones

chronic renal failure

19) Which of these components of the nephron is largely confined to the medulla? A) glomerular (Bowmen's) capsule B) distal convoluted tubule C) collecting duct D) proximal convoluted tubule E) glomerulus

collecting duct

53) Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures? A) collecting duct, renal pelvis, urethra, bladder, ureter B) renal pelvis, collecting duct, bladder, ureter, urethra C) collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra D) renal pelvis, urethra, bladder, ureter, collecting duct E) collecting duct, ureter, renal pelvis, urethra, bladder

collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, and urethra

55) The detrusor muscle A) moves urine along the ureters by peristalsis. B) compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra. C) functions as the internal urinary sphincter. D) functions as the external urinary sphincter. E) surrounds the renal pelvis.

compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra

18) The majority of glomeruli are located in the ________ of the kidney. A) vasa recta B) medulla C) cortex D) pelvis E) calyces

cortex

29) Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the A) afferent arteriole. B) efferent arteriole. C) vasa recta. D) cortical radiate artery. E) renal vein.

efferent arteriole

2) Which of the following is not an important function of the kidney? A) control of total body water B) control of the electrolyte composition of the blood C) excretion of excess albumen D) control of production of red blood cells by bone marrow E) regulation of blood pressure

excretion of excess albumen

35) what physiological process occurs at the structure labeled "2" A) reabsorption B) excretion C) secretion D) filtration E) micturition

filtration

13) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx? A) releases renin B) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration C) final urine enters here D) initial filtrate enters here E) tip of the medullary pyramid

final urine enters here

41) Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. Which of those pressures is a pressure that favors the filtration pressure? A) glomerular hydrostatic pressure B) capsular hydrostatic pressure C) capsular colloid osmotic pressure D) blood colloid osmotic pressure E) urinary bladder hydrostatic pressure

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

38) The structure known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus is located near the A) the proximal convoluted tubule. B) glomerulus. C) the collecting duct. D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle). E) renal papilla.

glomerulus

1) The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the A) calyx. B) pelvis. C) ureter. D) hilum. E) pyramid.

hilum

42) One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to A) increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex. B) decrease secretion of aldosterone. C) increase release of angiotensin II by the suprarenal glands. D) increase filtration into glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. E) decrease urinary albumin concentration.

increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex

47) Antidiuretic hormone A) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water. B) is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood. C) causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine. D) is secreted by the anterior pituitary. E) release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid.

increases the permeability of the collecting ducts of water

11) Major calyces are A) large tributaries of the renal pelvis. B) expanded ends of nephrons. C) basic functional layers of the kidney. D) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. E) the expanded ends of renal pyramids.

large tributaries of the renal pelvis

24) The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the A) nephron loop (loop of Henle). B) proximal convoluted tubule. C) distal convoluted tubule. D) collecting loop. E) minor calyx.

nephron loop (loop of Henle)

27) The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx. A) nephron loop (loop of Henle) B) distal convoluted tubule C) papillary duct D) renal corpuscle E) ureter

papillary duct

31) Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine, except A) hydrogen ions B) urea C) proteins D) amino acids E) creatinine

proteins

22) The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the A) nephron loop (loop of Henle). B) proximal convoluted tubule. C) distal convoluted tubule. D) collecting duct. E) minor calyx.

proximal convoluted tubule

8) Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called A) pyramids. B) renal columns. C) renal pelvises. D) nephrons. E) calyces.

pyramids

25) The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is A) filtration. B) reabsorbing nutrients. C) secretion of acids and ammonia. D) secretion of drugs. E) adjusting the urine volume.

reabsorbing nutrients