Chapter 21

The metabolic process of ammonification ________ ammonia. A) oxidizes B) produces C) reduces D) transforms

B) produces

The primary energy source for termites comes from A) acetogenic Archaea. B) acetogenic Bacteria. C) methanogenic Archaea. D) methanogenic Bacteria.

B) acetogenic Bacteria.

Nitrate (NO3-) reduced into ammonia (NH3) to produce energy for the cell is called A) ammonification. B) dissimilative reduction of nitrate to ammonia (DRNA). C) nitrification. D) redox.

B) dissimilative reduction of nitrate to ammonia (DRNA)

A process where different microbial taxa work in cooperation to degrade a compound that neither can perform entirely on their own is called A) allotrophy. B) ammensalism. C) commensalism. D) syntrophy.

D) syntrophy.

Frozen methane molecules are called A) anhydrous methane. B) anoxic methane. C) methane anhydrates. D) methane hydrates.

D) methane hydrates.

Which organisms form the foundation of the carbon cycle? A) anaerobic chemolithotrophs B) chemoheterotrophs C) chemoorganotrophs D) phototrophs

D) phototrophs

The metabolic process of denitrification A) oxidizes N2. B) oxidizes NO3-. C) reduces N2. D) reduces NO3-.

D) reduces NO3-.

The burning of fossil fuels produces significant amounts of A) sulfate. B) sulfite. C) sulfonate. D) sulfur dioxide.

D) sulfur dioxide.

________ is a term used to describe dead organic matter. A) Humus B) Loam C) Pyrite D) Xenocompost

A) Humus

One important difference between the C, N, and S cycles and the P, Ca, and Si cycles is that A) P, Ca, and Si are NOT cycled in terrestrial environments. B) the P, Ca, and Si cycles do NOT involve redox changes or gaseous forms that can alter Earthʹs atmospheric chemistry. C) the P, Ca, and Si cycles do NOT involve microbial activity. D) the P, Ca, and Si cycles are NOT affected by global warming or other human activity.

B) the P, Ca, and Si cycles do NOT involve redox changes or gaseous forms that can alter Earthʹs atmospheric chemistry.

Which compound in fertilizer do farmers use to inhibit the production of easily leached nitrogen compounds? A) anhydrous ammonia B) carbonate C) nitrapyrin D) nitrate

C) nitrapyrin

Which of the following is/are NOT a degradation product of organic material? A) carbon dioxide B) methane C) oxygen D) All of these answer choices are degradation products of organic material.

C) oxygen