Chapter 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation

These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated. A) venules B) arteries C) veins D) arterioles E) capillaries

E) capillaries

Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output. A) much lower than B) much higher than C) somewhat higher than D) somewhat lower than E) equal to

E) equal to

Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release? A) increased sympathetic activity B) vasospasm of the renal arteries C) renal artery thrombus D) circulatory shock E) hypertension

E) hypertension

The smallest arterial branches are called the A) arterioles. B) veins. C) venules. D) capillaries. E) precapillary arterioles.

E) precapillary arterioles.

What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply? A) vein B) artery C) venule D) capillary E) arteriole

A) vein

What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole? A) veins B) arteries C) capillaries D) venules E) arterioles

B) arteries

Compared to arteries, veins A) hold their shape better when cut. B) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. C) have thinner walls. D) are more elastic. E) have a pleated endothelium.

C) have thinner walls.

The inferior vena cava is classified as a(n) A) arteriovenule. B) venule. C) large vein. D) medium vein. E) venous valve.

C) large vein.

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. A) blood B) critical closing C) pulse D) mean arterial E) circulatory

C) pulse

Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased A) venous return and preload. B) blood volume. C) salt and water loss through the kidneys. D) sodium ion levels in blood. E) blood pressure.

C) salt and water loss through the kidneys.

Which vessel is known as a resistance vessel? A) connective B) muscular C) venule D) arteriole E) elastic

D) arteriole

Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel? A) artery B) arteriole C) venule D) vein E) capillary

D) vein

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called A) arterioles. B) arteries. C) capillaries. D) veins. E) venules.

D) veins

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels? A) venous valves B) large veins C) arteriovenules D) venules E) medium veins

D) venules

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called A) continuous capillaries. B) vasa vasorum. C) sinusoids. D) fenestrated capillaries. E) sinusoidal capillaries.

A) continuous capillaries.

Veins of the brain empty into A) dural sinuses. B) coronary sinuses. C) vertebral veins. D) the circle of Willis. E) external jugular veins.

A) dural sinuses.

The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery? A) elastic B) arteriolar C) connective D) muscular E) vascular

A) elastic

Blood pressure is determined by A) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff. B) measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle. C) estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel. D) listening carefully to the pulse. E) measuring the size of the pulse.

A) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.

An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery. A) internal carotid B) external carotid C) azygos D) maxillary E) mental

A) internal carotid

The ________ carries nutrient-rich blood into the liver. A) hepatic artery B) hepatic portal vein C) superior mesenteric vein D) myenteric capillaries E) gastric vein

B) hepatic portal vein

The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the A) subclavian vein. B) superior vena cava. C) azygos vein. D) inferior vena cava. E) innominate vein.

B) superior vena cava.

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers? A) tunica intima B) tunica externa C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) external elastic membrane

B) tunica externa

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the A) concentration of plasma waste products. B) number of red blood cells. C) concentration of plasma proteins. D) concentration of plasma glucose. E) concentration of plasma sodium ions.

C) concentration of plasma proteins.

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be A) halved. B) four times greater. C) doubled. D) unchanged. E) 1/4 as much.

C) doubled.

The ________ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep femoral vein. A) inferior vena cava B) azygous C) external iliac D) internal iliac E) common iliac

C) external iliac

Edema may occur when A) capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated. B) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced. C) endothelial permeability goes up. D) blood pressure is high. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following? A) smoking B) high cholesterol C) lack of exercise D) obesity E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions? A) assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries B) accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones C) helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system D) flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body A) experiences an increase in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure. B) experiences a recall of interstitial fluids. C) accelerates reabsorption of water at the kidneys. D) increases water intake. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Turbulent blood flow occurs A) when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter. B) when there are irregularities in the vessel wall. C) at high flow rates. D) when blood pressure is excessively high. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Veins of the upper arm include the ________ vein(s). A) ulnar B) brachial C) cephalic D) basilic E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the: A) lymphatic system B) muscular arteries C) hepatic portal vein D) venules E) liver

A) lymphatic system

In response to hemorrhage, there is A) mobilization of the venous reserve. B) peripheral vasodilation. C) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. D) constriction of elastic arteries to maintain blood pressure. E) All of the answers are correct.

A) mobilization of the venous reserve.

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the A) precapillary sphincter. B) venule. C) plexus. D) thoroughfare channel. E) vasa vasorum.

A) precapillary sphincter.

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. A) pulse B) blood C) circulatory D) mean arterial E) critical closing

A) pulse

At the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ________ vein. A) subclavian B) external jugular C) azygos D) innominate E) cephalic

A) subclavian

Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is A) the subclavian artery. B) the ulnar artery. C) the femoral artery. D) the external carotid artery. E) the brachial artery.

A) the subclavian artery.

The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the A) tunica media. B) tunica intima. C) tunica externa. D) tunica mater. E) tunica adventitia.

A) tunica media.

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the A) tunica media. B) tunica intima. C) tunica interna. D) tunica adventitia. E) tunica externa.

A) tunica media.

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except A) vasodilation. B) increased sympathetic stimulation. C) irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques. D) elevated levels of epinephrine. E) elevated hematocrit.

A) vasodilation.

The small vessels that capillaries drain into are called A) venules. B) capillaries. C) arteries. D) veins. E) arterioles.

A) venules.

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries A) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6 B) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 C) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 D) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 E) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4

B) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has A) a higher blood pressure. B) a greater resistance to blood flow. C) the same amount of pressure as resistance. D) a greater blood flow. E) less resistance to blood flow.

B) a greater resistance to blood flow.

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest? A) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long B) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long C) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long D) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

B) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel? A) artery B) arteriole C) venule D) vein E) capillary

B) arteriole

Branches of the thoracic aorta include all of the following, except the ________ arteries. A) intercostal B) basilar C) superior phrenic D) bronchial E) esophageal

B) basilar

Each of the following arteries is a component of the cerebral arterial circle, except the A) posterior cerebral artery. B) basilar artery. C) anterior cerebral artery. D) posterior communicating artery. E) anterior communicating artery.

B) basilar artery.

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries? A) increased tissue hydrostatic pressure B) both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure C) increased blood hydrostatic pressure D) increased plasma albumen E) decreased plasma albumen

B) both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ________ artery. A) radial B) brachial C) subclavian D) ulnar E) digital

B) brachial

Resistance is a force that A) increases blood flow. B) decreases blood flow. C) is always higher than blood pressure. D) never changes in a blood vessel. E) acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel.

B) decreases blood flow.

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue, except A) relaxation of precapillary sphincters. B) increased hematocrit. C) increased vessel diameter. D) increased blood pressure. E) decreased peripheral resistance.

B) increased hematocrit.

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, except A) increased levels of aldosterone. B) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). C) increased levels of angiotensin II. D) increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone). E) increased blood volume.

B) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

Fear can result in A) parasympathetic stimulation. B) increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers. C) increased stimulation of the cardioinhibitory center by higher brain centers. D) decreased heart rate. E) decreased blood pressure.

B) increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers

ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for A) prolonged exercise. B) a heart attack. C) a serious hemorrhage. D) a heavy meal. E) hypertension.

C) a serious hemorrhage.

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the A) capillaries. B) venules. C) arterioles. D) arteries. E) veins.

C) arterioles.

In what vessel is blood pressure the highest? A) venule B) arteriole C) artery D) vein E) capillary

C) artery

After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery. A) brachial B) radial C) axillary D) ulnar E) digital

C) axillary

The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery, the A) common carotid artery. B) internal carotid artery. C) basilar artery. D) cerebral arterial circle. E) external carotid artery.

C) basilar artery.

The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ________ vein. A) azygos B) basilic C) brachial D) axillary E) hemiazygos

C) brachial

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in A) arterioles. B) venules. C) capillaries. D) arteries. E) veins.

C) capillaries.

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the A) peripheral pressure. B) diastolic pressure. C) capillary hydrostatic pressure. D) venous pressure. E) pulse pressure.

C) capillary hydrostatic pressure.

Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery? A) 1.0 cm B) 0.2 mm C) 1.5 cm D) 0.4 cm E) 0.4 mm

D) 0.4 cm

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States. A) 25 B) 60 C) 20 D) 50 E) 30

D) 50

A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered A) an arteriovenule. B) a large vein. C) a venule. D) a medium vein. E) a venous valve.

D) a medium vein.

The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the A) external carotid artery. B) arterial bypass C) basal ring. D) cerebral arterial circle. E) common carotid artery.

D) cerebral arterial circle.

The ________ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta. A) mediastinum B) peritoneum C) pleura D) diaphragm E) pericardium

D) diaphragm

Blood from capillaries on the superior surface of the foot drains into a(n) A) iliac vein. B) plantar vein. C) small saphenous vein. D) dorsal venous arch. E) peroneal vein.

D) dorsal venous arch.

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the A) internal elastic membrane. B) tunica intima. C) tunica externa. D) external elastic membrane. E) tunica media.

D) external elastic membrane.

The two common iliac veins form the A) femoral vein. B) hepatic portal vein. C) greater saphenous vein. D) inferior vena cava. E) innominate vein.

D) inferior vena cava.

As blood travels from arteries to veins, A) pressure increases. B) flow becomes turbulent. C) viscosity of blood changes. D) pressure decreases. E) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller.

D) pressure decreases.

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except A) muscular compression. B) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries. C) the respiratory pump. D) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein. E) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood.

D) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems. A) decreases; doubles B) increases; reduces C) reduces; reduces D) reduces; increases E) doubles; decreases

D) reduces; increases

Blood from the dorsal venous arch is drained by the ________ vein(s). A) popliteal B) posterior tibial C) great saphenous D) small saphenous E) anterior tibial

D) small saphenous

Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow? A) venous pressure B) viscosity of blood C) vessel length D) vascular resistance E) turbulence

D) vascular resistance

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel? A) artery B) capillary C) arteriole D) vein E) venule

D) vein

Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) with a blood hydrostatic pressure of 40 mm Hg and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg. Then determine if the blood gains or loses fluid. NFP = ________ and results in a fluid________ . A) 15 mm Hg; gain B) -15 mm Hg; loss C) 65 mm Hg; gain D) 65 mm Hg; loss E) 15 mm Hg; loss

E) 15 mm Hg; loss

Arteriosclerosis can lead to A) coronary artery disease. B) stroke. C) hypertension. D) myocardial infarction. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

During exercise A) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. B) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. C) tissue perfusion to the digestive system decreases. D) venous return increases. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

During exercise A) venous return increases. B) venous return increases and vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. C) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. D) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

When a person rises quickly from a sitting position, A) venous return is decreased. B) reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs. C) heart rate is reflexively elevated. D) the carotid baroreceptors become less active. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body? A) turbulence B) vascular resistance C) blood viscosity D) vessel diameter E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body? A) vessel diameter B) turbulence C) vascular resistance D) blood viscosity E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation? A) blood flow changes to match tissue responses B) changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure C) blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen D) blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

When renin is released from the kidney, A) blood flow to the kidneys decreases. B) angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II. C) angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys. D) blood pressure goes down. E) angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.

E) angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.

Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to A) capillary hydrostatic pressure. B) pulse pressure. C) peripheral pressure. D) arteriovenous pressure. E) arterial pressure.

E) arterial pressure.

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the A) venule. B) artery. C) capillary. D) vein. E) arteriole.

E) arteriole.

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the A) level of oxygen at the tissue increases. B) arterioles constrict. C) level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases. D) veins constrict. E) arterioles dilate.

E) arterioles dilate.

Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits A) increased body stores of sodium ion. B) decreased blood volume. C) increased blood pressure. D) polycythemia. E) both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

E) both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the ________ vein. A) iliac B) axillary C) azygos D) hemiazygos E) brachiocephalic

E) brachiocephalic

Branches off the aortic arch include the A) brachiocephalic trunk. B) left common carotid artery. C) left subclavian artery and left common carotid artery D) left subclavian artery. E) brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery

E) brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery

What structure do RBCs move through single file? A) venule B) arteriole C) vein D) artery E) capillary

E) capillary

Venous valves are responsible for A) preventing anterograde flow. B) regulating blood pressure in veins. C) preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle. D) channeling blood away from the heart. E) channeling blood toward the heart.

E) channeling blood toward the heart.

When the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the ________ vein. A) internal iliac B) lumbar C) external iliac D) deep femoral E) femoral

E) femoral

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in A) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. B) stimulation of the vasoconstrictive center. C) stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center in the brain. D) increased heart rate. E) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.

E) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the ________. A) lungs. B) systemic circuit. C) left atrium. D) right atrium. E) aorta.

A) lungs.

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg. A) 100 B) 210 C) 93 D) 90 E) 105

A) 100

Branches of the popliteal artery include the A) anterial tibial artery. B) iliac artery. C) plantar arch. D) dorsalis pedis. E) femoral artery.

A) anterial tibial artery.

Which of these contributes to the formation of the popliteal vein? A) anterior and posterior tibial and fibular B) internal iliac C) small saphenous and great saphenous D) peroneal and popliteal E) great saphenous and posterior tibial

A) anterior and posterior tibial and fibular

Relative to the lumen, which of these vessels has the thickest tunica media? A) arterioles B) capillaries C) veins D) arteries E) venules

A) arterioles

When carotid and aortic baroreceptors slow their discharge, A) both heart rate and stroke volume increase. B) heart rate decreases. C) heart rate increases. D) the heart rate will decrease to lower blood pressure. E) stroke volume increases.

A) both heart rate and stroke volume increase.

The superior sagittal sinus collects blood from the A) brain. B) arms. C) legs. D) lungs. E) heart.

A) brain

Metabolites exchange by diffusion with tissue cells in which of the following locations? A) capillary B) artery C) venule D) vein E) arteriole

A) capillary

Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ________ arteries. A) common iliac B) popliteal C) common carotid D) tibial E) femoral

A) common iliac

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called A) fenestrated capillaries. B) vasa vasorum. C) discontinuous capillaries. D) perforated capillaries. E) sinuses.

A) fenestrated capillaries.

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except A) increased blood concentration of glucose. B) stimulation of the heart by epinephrine. C) increased venous return. D) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. E) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

A) increased blood concentration of glucose.

Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by: A) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma B) a greater salt concentration in blood cells C) the force of blood pushing against the vessel wall D) hypertonic solutions separated by a cell membrane E) osmosis of water

A) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma

Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following, except A) uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure. B) inhibition of EPO secretion. C) activation of ADH secretion. D) increased thirst and water intake. E) activation of aldosterone secretion.

B) inhibition of EPO secretion.

Major branches of the subclavian artery include the ________ artery(ies). A) radial B) internal thoracic C) brachial D) phrenic E) digital

B) internal thoracic

Pulmonary veins carry blood to the A) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) pulmonary circuit. D) lungs. E) aorta.

B) left atrium.

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery? A) arteriolar B) muscular C) elastic D) vascular E) connective

B) muscular

Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased A) peripheral resistance. B) parasympathetic innervation. C) blood volume. D) cardiac output. E) force of cardiac contraction.

B) parasympathetic innervation.

At the knee, the femoral artery becomes the ________ artery. A) iliac B) popliteal C) tibial D) deep femoral E) peroneal

B) popliteal

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) decreases in starving children because: A) starvation increases the permeability of capillaries causing a decrease in BCOP B) starvation in children results in a protein deficiency and the liver cannot produce enough protein to maintain BCOP C) malnourished children do not exercise, which results in a decrease in BCOP D) the question statement is false, BCOP actually increases in starving children E) starvation increases blood pressure which, in turn, decreases BCOP

B) starvation in children results in a protein deficiency and the liver cannot produce enough protein to maintain BCOP

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue? A) tunica externa B) tunica media C) external elastic membrane D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica intima

B) tunica media

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood? A) arteries B) veins C) capillaries D) systemic arterioles E) pulmonary arteries

B) veins

The thoroughfare channel ends at the A) arteriole. B) venule. C) artery. D) vein. E) capillary.

B) venule

List in correct order the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit starting at the aorta. 1. venules 5. medium veins 2. arterioles 6. large veins 3. capillaries 7. muscular arteries 4. elastic arteries A) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 B) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 C) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 D) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 E) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6

C) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

Which of the following equations shows the correct relation between blood flow (F), pressure (P), and resistance (R)? A) F=P+R B) F=R/P C) F=P/R D) F=P-R E) P=(F×R) × 4

C) F=P/R

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space? A) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary. B) The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure. C) The net filtration pressure is usually zero. D) The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement. E) Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space.

C) The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

The external iliac artery branches to form the ________ arteries. A) femoral and tibial B) radial and ulnar C) femoral and deep femoral D) tibial and popliteal E) femoral and popliteal

C) femoral and deep femoral

The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure. A) systolic; diastolic B) blood; interstitial C) hydrostatic; osmotic D) plasma; extracellular E) osmotic; hydrostatic

C) hydrostatic; osmotic

Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein. A) azygos B) innominate C) internal jugular D) external jugular E) vertebral

C) internal jugular

The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________ . A) oxygenated; right lung B) deoxygenated; right atrium C) oxygenated; left atrium D) deoxygenated; superior vena cava E) deoxygenated; left atrium

C) oxygenated; left atrium

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased A) heart rate. B) cardiac output. C) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. D) sympathetic stimulation of the heart. E) blood flow to the lungs.

C) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

Which of the following changes doesn't occur during exercise compared to rest? A) heart blood flow is higher B) abdominal viscera blood flow is lower C) skin blood flow is lower D) kidney blood flow is lower E) cardiac output is higher

C) skin blood flow is lower

Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery? A) quadriplegia B) hypotension C) stroke D) myocardial infarction E) pulmonary embolism

C) stroke

The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the A) internal jugular vein. B) coronary sinus. C) superior vena cava. D) inferior vena cava. E) external jugular vein.

C) superior vena cava

Near the carotid sinus, A) the external carotid forms the internal carotid. B) veins and arteries anastomose. C) the common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch. D) the internal carotids fuse with the vertebral arteries. E) the aorta gives rise to the common carotids.

C) the common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch.

Edema may occur (only) when A) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced and capillary endothelium permeability goes up. B) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced. C) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and the capillary endothelium permeability goes up. D) capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated. E) capillary endothelium permeability goes up.

C) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and the capillary endothelium permeability goes up

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? A) internal elastic membrane B) tunica externa C) tunica intima D) tunica media E) external elastic membrane

C) tunica intima

Blood pressure is lowest in the A) venules. B) arterioles. C) veins. D) arteries. E) capillaries.

C) veins.

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the A) arterioles. B) capillaries. C) venules. D) arteries. E) veins.

C) venules.

As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries A) decreases and causes the blood velocity to increase. B) is the same as the total cross-sectional area of arteries and blood velocity is equal between arteries and capillaries. C) increases and causes the blood velocity to increase. D) decreases and causes the blood velocity to decrease. E) increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.

E) increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.

In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the A) tunica media. B) tunica externa. C) external elastic membrane. D) tunica intima. E) internal elastic membrane.

E) internal elastic membrane.

A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the A) kidneys. B) heart. C) skin. D) lungs. E) liver.

E) liver.

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the A) turbulence. B) length of a blood vessel. C) blood vessel diameter. D) blood viscosity. E) osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

E) osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

At the knee, the small saphenous, tibial, and fibular veins unite to form the ________ vein. A) femoral B) internal iliac C) external iliac D) inferior vena cava E) popliteal

E) popliteal

As blood travels from arteries to veins, A) pressure builds. B) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller. C) flow becomes turbulent. D) viscosity increases. E) pressure drops.

E) pressure drops.

Which of the following is a deep vein of the forearm? A) cephalic B) basilic C) azygos D) hemiazygos E) radial

E) radial

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except A) decreased levels of aldosterone. B) decreased peripheral resistance. C) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). D) decrease in blood volume. E) release of renin.

E) release of renin.

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in A) skin. B) cardiac muscle. C) bone. D) skeletal muscles. E) the pituitary.

E) the pituitary.

The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ________ arteries. A) axillary B) subclavian C) brachiocephalic D) digital E) ulnar

E) ulnar

Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart? A) blood pressure gradient from arteries to veins B) peripheral veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood C) blood pressure D) muscular pumps squeeze veins and move blood toward the heart E) vascular resistance

E) vascular resistance