Chapter 21: Nonvascular Plants

How does the thalloid liverwort reproduce asexually? a. Gemmae are dislodged by rain. b. Rhizoids extend into the soil and clone new plants. c. Mitosis along the leaves produces tiny plantlets. d. Elaters disperse spores into the environment.

a. Gemmae are dislodged by rain.

Cyanobacteria form a symbiotic association with some species of hornworts. What role does the cyanobacteria have in this relationship? a. They supply their host with fixed nitrogen. b. They provide photosynthetic products to the host, as the hornwort does not photosynthesize. c. They help anchor the hornworts. d. They create mucilage.

a. They supply their host with fixed nitrogen.

The body of a thalloid liverwort is called the ____. a. thallus b. rhizoid c. capsule d. calyptra

a. thallus

Because they lack vascular tissue, nonvascular plants are ____. a. unable to transport water b. unable to anchor their roots c. able to produce flowers d. able to live in dry areas

a. unable to transport water

Which of the following plants has a dominant gametophyte generation? a. Any fern. b. Any true moss. c. Any cone-bearing tree. d. Any flowering tree.

b. Any true moss.

This picture shows what stage of the life cycle of the moss? a. Sporophyte. b. Gametophyte. c. Asexual. d. Sexual.

b. Gametophyte.

What takes place in the capsule of Marchantia spp.? a. Asexual reproduction. b. Meiosis. c. Fertilization. d. Photosynthesis.

b. Meiosis.

Many liverworts develop a symbiotic relationship with fungi, which enter through what part of the liverwort? a. Roots. b. Rhizoids. c. Thallus. d. Vascular tissue.

b. Rhizoids.

What structure in the liverwort anchors the thallus? a. Gemmae. b. Rhizoids. c. Seta. d. Stomata.

b. Rhizoids.

In the 19th century, peat moss was used to pack abscesses. The antibacterial properties are mainly the result of its _____ pH. a. basic b. acidic c. neutral d. 7.2

b. acidic

Hornworts usually live in a ____ environment. a. dry and shady b. moist and shady c. dry and sunny d. wet and sunny

b. moist and shady

A plant has leaves all the same size, with a thick midrib, that allow water to pass in easily. The plant is most likely a ______. a. liverwort b. moss c. hornwort d. fern

b. moss

The alternation of generations means that ________. a. the dominant generation is always the haploid b. the spore-producing stage is alternating with the sex cell-producing stage c. plants are reproducing asexually d. plants are transitioning from water to land

b. the spore-producing stage is alternating with the sex cell-producing stage

Herbaceous plants lack ________. a. green leaves b. woody stems c. seeds d. flowers

b. woody stems

Identify the structures in this photograph. a. Protonema. b. Archegonia. c. Gemmae cups. d. Rhizoids.

c. Gemmae cups.

______ belong to the phylum Anthocerophyta. a. Quillworts b. Liverworts c. Hornworts d. Mosses

c. Hornworts

_______ are described as either leafy or thalloid. a. Hornworts b. Quillworts c. Liverworts d. Horsetails

c. Liverworts

Which of the following statements is true? a. Fertilization produces the gametophyte generation. b. The gametophyte generation is dominant in vascular plants. c. Mitosis can occur in both haploid and diploid cells. d. The gametophyte starts out as a diploid spore.

c. Mitosis can occur in both haploid and diploid cells.

In liverworts, what typically transports sperm cells of the antheridiophore to the archegonium single egg? a. Receptacles. b. Soil. c. Rainwater. d. Protonema.

c. Rainwater.

In liverworts, an egg is produced in the a. calyptra b. protonema c. archegonium d. antheridium

c. archegonium

Germinating meiospores in the life cycle of the Bryophyta become _____. a. male gametophytes b. female gametophytes c. male and female gametophytes d. sporophytes

c. male and female gametophytes

A liverwort spore reaching a suitable habitat germinates to produce a thin photosynthetic filament of cells, which is known as a __________. a. gemmae b. gametophyte c. protonema d. rhizoid

c. protonema

Presence or absence of specialized conducting tissue known as____________is a common means of distinguishing members of the plant kingdom. a. lignin b. nonvascular tissue c. vascular tissue d. xylem

c. vascular tissue

Nonvascular plants include which of the following? a. Liverworts. b. True mosses. c. Hornworts. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Which plants can reproduce asexually through fragmentation? a. Hornworts. b. Mosses. c. Liverworts. d. All of the above. e. A and C.

d. All of the above.

Historically, which type of plant was important in establishing the transition from water to land and the dominance of the gametophyte generation? a. Seed. b. Seedless. c. Woody. d. Nonvascular.

d. Nonvascular.

Adaptations of plants for life on land include _____. a. development of leaves, roots, and stems b. alternation of generations c. evolution of the seed d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Plants are a diverse group that can be described as ______. a. eukaryotic b. multicellular c. autotrophic d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Nonvascular plants are generally low to the ground because they_____. a. lack leaves b. cannot reproduce sexually c. lack an epidermis d. cannot transport nutrients

d. cannot transport nutrients

Moss can reproduce asexually when ______. a. it releases antheridia b. rain releases gemmae c. it produces spores d. the thallus fragments

d. the thallus fragments