Chapter 22

The process by which neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls in response to inflammatory signals is called: (a) diapedesis (b) chemotaxis (c) margination (d) opsonization.

(a) diapedesis

Cells that can directly attack target cells include all of the following except: (a) macrophages (b) cytotoxic T cells (c) helper T cells (d) natural killer cells

(c) helper T cells

Small molecules that must combine with large proteins to become immunogenic are called: (a) complete antigens (b) regains (c) idiotypes (d) haptens

(d) haptens

Match the following antibody classes to the descriptions below. a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG e. IgM Predominant antibody found in mucus, saliva, and tears

A

Medullary sinuses of lymph nodes A. Are filled with lymph B. Contain germinal centers C. Filter blood D. Are strands of lymphocytes

A. Are filled with lymph

Afferent lymph vessels A. Carry lymph toward lymph nodes B. Carry lymph toward the thoracic duct C. Enter a lymph node at the hilum D. Combine to form lacteals

A. Carry lymph toward lymph nodes

Antigen presenting cells (APCs) include A. macrophages B. killer T cells C. neutrophils plasma cells

A. macrophages

Variable amino acid sequences on the arms of the antibody molecule A. make the antibody specific for a given antigen. B. enable the antibody to activate complement. C. enable the antibody to attach to basophils and mast cells D. are part of the constant region. all ofthe above.

A. make the antibody specific for a given antigen.

The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are the A. thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct B. thoracic duct and left lymphatic duct C. subclavian duct and bronchomediastinal duct D. cisterna chyli and thoracic duct

A. thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

Match the following antibody classes to the descriptions below. a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG e. IgM Bound to the surface of a B cell

B and E

Macrophages develop from: A) lymphocytes. B) monocytes. C) neutrophils. D) basophils. E) eosinophils.

B) monocytes.

Mother's milk will provide the infant with: A) naturally acquired active immunity. B) naturally acquired passive immunity. C) artificially acquired active immunity. D) artificially acquired passive immunity. E) lifelong immunity

B) naturally acquired passive immunity.

Antibodies are composed of A. 1 heavy and 3 light polypeptide chains B. 2 heavy and 2 light polypeptide chains C. 2 heavy and 2 light polysaccharide chains 1 light and 3 heavy polysaccharide chains

B. 2 heavy and 2 light polypeptide chains

Lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph primarily from the A. Scalp and face B. Arm and mammary gland C. Thoracic viscera D. Abdominal viscera

B. Arm and mammary gland

The two major types of phagocytic cells are A. Monocytes and eosinophils B. Macrophages and neutrophils C. Neutrophils and lymphocytes Monocytes and lymphocytes

B. Macrophages and neutrophils

Lymphocytes that destroy cancerous cells in a non-specific fashion are called A. Carcinolytic cells B. Natural killer cells C. Cytotoxic T cells D. Macrophages

B. Natural killer cells

When stimulated, T cells that display the CD8 molecule develop into A. plasma cells B. cytotoxic T cells C. memory cells helper T cells

B. cytotoxic T cells

Match the following antibody classes to the descriptions below. a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG e. IgM Binds to the surface of mast cells and mediates an allergic response

C

Vaccination is an example of: A) naturally acquired active immunity. B) naturally acquired passive immunity. C) artificially acquired active immunity. D) artificially acquired passive immunity. E) None of the above

C) artificially acquired active immunity.

All of the following are symptoms of inflammation EXCEPT: A) pain. B) redness. C) fever. D) swelling. E) heat.

C) fever.

Which of the following stimulate the development of B-cells into antibody-producing plasma cells? A) suppressor T-cells B) cytotoxic T-cells C) helper T-cells D) memory T-cells E) delayed hypersensitivity cells

C) helper T-cells

Lysozyme is found in all of the following EXCEPT: A) tears. B) saliva C) vaginal secretions. D) nasal secretions. E) tissue fluids

C) vaginal secretions.

Match the following antibody classes to the descriptions below. a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG e. IgM Crosses the placenta

D

Match the following antibody classes to the descriptions below. a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG e. IgM Most abundant antibody found in blood plasma and the chief antibody released during secondary responses

D

Match the following antibody classes to the descriptions below. a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG e. IgM Fixes complement (two answers)

D and E

Cell-mediated immunity is provided by: A) phagocytes. B) macrophages. C) basophils. D) T-cells. E) B-cells.

D) T-cells.

A student nurse who receives an injection of gamma globulin (containing antibodies to the hepatitis virus) after she/he has been exposed to viral hepatitis is an example of: A) naturally acquired active immunity. B) naturally acquired passive immunity. C) artificially acquired active immunity. D) artificially acquired passive immunity. E) None of the above.

D) artificially acquired passive immunity.

Which of the following represents the correct order in phagocytosis? A) chemotaxis, ingestion, adherence B) adherence, chemotaxis, ingestion C) ingestion, chemotaxis, adherence D) chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion E) None of the above.

D) chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion

Antibodies produced by the immune system are: A) alpha globulins. B) albumins. C) beta globulins. D) immunoglobulins. E) enzymes.

D) immunoglobulins.

The cells which are important in preventing autoimmune disease are: A) memory T-cells. B) helper T-cells. C) plasma cells. D) suppressor T-cells. E) memory B-cells.

D) suppressor T-cells.

The first line of defense against pathogens is: A) tear production. B) production of antibodies. C) inflammation. D) the intact skin. E) immunity

D) the intact skin.

Emigration refers to the A. Release of lymphokines B. Lysis of cell walls by lymphotoxins C. Apoptosis of cells D. Movement of cells from the circulatory system into infected areas

D. Movement of cells from the circulatory system into infected areas

The Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHCI) antigens A. are a large group of bacterial related antigens that cause many diseases B. are located only on viruses, not bacteria C. are difficult to produce antibodies against because they are constantly mutating D. mark the surfaces of all your body cells except your red blood cells

D. mark the surfaces of all your body cells except your red blood cells

Cytotoxic T cells can kill target cells directly by secreting A. cytokines B. antibodies C. lysozyme D. perforin and granulysin

D. perforin and granulysin

Match the following antibody classes to the descriptions below. a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG e. IgM First antibody released during the primary response

E

Match the following antibody classes to the descriptions below. a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG e. IgM Pentamer

E

Which of the following can act as an antigen? A) bacteria B) viruses C) pollen D) food E) All of the above

E) All of the above

Lymph nodes: A) are bean-shaped organs. B) located along lymphatic vessels. C) are divided into follicles. D) are scattered throughout the body. E) All of the above.

E) All of the above.

Which of the following tonsils are paired structures? A) palatine tonsils B) pharyngeal tonsils C) lingual tonsils D) Both a and b. E) Both a and c.

E) Both a and c.

Which of the following is considered a chemical factor in the first line of defense? A) flow of urine B) mucous membrane C) saliva D) vomiting E) gastric juice

E) gastric juice

Which of the following does NOT belong to the lymphatic system? A) lymph B) lymphatic vessels C) spleen D) tonsils E) liver

E) liver

The lymphatic system: A. transports lipids from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood. B. returns filtered proteins to the cardiovascular system. C. returns excess interstitial fluid to the cardiovascular system. D. functions in surveillance and defense. E. All of the above are correct.

E. All of the above are correct.

Body cells infected with bacteria produce proteins called interferons. True or False?

False

Before T -cells can attack antigens, the T -cells must become sensitized. True or False?

True

Cytotoxic T-cells destroy target cells on contact. True or False?

True

Macrophages that remain in certain tissues and organs of the body are called fixed macrophages. True or False?

True

When a normal cell transforms into a cancer cell, it may display cell surface components called tumor antigens. True or False?

True

The masses of lymphatic tissue located below the epithelium of mucous membranes are called: a) lymph nodules b) lymph capillaries c) lymph nodes d) lymph axillaries

a) lymph nodules

Antibodies migrate through the placenta into the vascular system of the fetus providing the baby at birth with temporarily immunity to the diseases his/her mother was immune to, is an example of: a) naturally acquired passive immunity b) artificially acquired passive immunity c) naturally acquired active immunity d) artificially acquired active immunity

a) naturally acquired passive immunity

The two general kinds of antigens, from the perspective of the immune system, are: a) self-antigens and foreign antigens b) T antigens and B antigens c) A antigens and B antigens d) gamma antigens and beta antigens

a) self-antigens and foreign antigens

Which statement is NOT true of lymph vessels? a) the right lymphatic duct returns lymph to the inferior vena cava b) the valves in larger lymph vessels prevent the backflow of lymph c) the return of lymph to the blood is assisted by the respiratory pump and skeletal muscle pump d) the thoracic duct returns lymph to the left subclavian vein

a) the right lymphatic duct returns lymph to the inferior vena cava

Establishes immunological memory: a. active immunity b. passive immunity c. passive-active immunity d. bacterial immunity e. principle immunity

a. active immunity

Which of these participates in costimulation? a. cytokines b. complement c. antibodies d. histamine e. natural killer cells

a. cytokines

The AIDS virus attacks the ____ cells: a. helper T b. cytotoxic T c. suppressor T d. memory T

a. helper T

Cytokines include: a. histamine and kinins. b. chemicals in oil gland secretions. c. immunoglobulins. d. antigen molecules. e. interleukins and interferon.

a. histamine and kinins.

Which statement is NOT true of the spleen? a) the fetal spleen produces RBCs b) antibodies are produced in the spleen by cells called fixed monocytes c) the spleen is located in the upper left abdominal quadrant d) fixed macrophages in the spleen phagocytize pathogens in the blood

b) antibodies are produced in the spleen by cells called fixed monocytes

In both immune mechanisms, the cells that remember a foreign antigen and initiate its rapid destruction upon a second exposure are: a) plasma cells b) memory cells c) suppressor T cells d) macrophages

b) memory cells

Which statement is NOT true of humoral immunity? a) plasma cells come from activated B cells and produce antibodies b) opsonization is the labeling of foreign antigens by self-antigens c) memory B cells remember a specific foreign antigen d) macrophages phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes

b) opsonization is the labeling of foreign antigens by self-antigens

Which statement is NOT true of cell-mediated immunity? a) cytotoxic T cells chemically disrupt the cell membranes of foreign antigens b) the foreign antigen is recognized by macrophages and helper B cells c) suppressor T cells stop the immune response when the pathogen has been destroyed d) memory T cells remember a specific foreign antigen

b) the foreign antigen is recognized by macrophages and helper B cells

Which of these organs does NOT compensate for any function of the spleen if the spleen must be removed? a) liver b) thoracic duct c) lymph nodes d) red bone marrow

b) thoracic duct

Which of these is specifically responsible for antibody-mediated immunity? a. T cells b. B cells c. platelets d. All of the choices are correct

b. B cells

Delayed hypersensitivity is: a. caused by activation of B cells. b. a result of antibodies reacting with an allergen. c. mediated by T cells. d. caused by natural killer cells. e. caused by interferon

b. a result of antibodies reacting with an allergen.

Complement is a(n): a. result of allergies. b. group of plasma proteins. c. serious infection. d. autoimmune reaction.

b. group of plasma proteins.

Mrs. Smith received an Rh immunoglobulin injection after the birth of her last child. What type of immunity resulted? a. active immunity b. passive immunity c. passive-active immunity d. bacterial immunity e. principle immunity

b. passive immunity

Which of these conditions does not occur during the inflammatory response? a. histamine and other chemical mediators are released b. chemotaxis of phagocytes a. fibrinogen enters tissues from the blood b. vasoconstriction of blood vessels c. increased permeability of blood vessels

b. vasoconstriction of blood vessels

Interferon is a protection against: a. the flu vaccine. b. viral infections. c. all types of infections. d. all types of allergies.

b. viral infections.

Which statement is NOT true of the thymus and immunity? a) the thymus is most active in the fetus and child b) the thymus is located in the thoracic cavity. c) T cells are the monocytes produced by the thymus d) the thymus is necessary for T cells to become immunologically competent

c) T cells are the monocytes produced by the thymus

Which statement is NOT true of lymph? a) lymph is tissue fluid that has entered lymph capillaries b) lymph flows through lymph nodes as it travels back to the blood c) lymph contains the neutrophils produced by the lymph nodes d) lymph may contain pathogens that have entered breaks in the skin .

c) lymph contains the neutrophils produced by the lymph nodes

Recovery from a disease may provide the type of immunity called: a) naturally acquired passive immunity b) artificially acquired passive immunity c) naturally acquired active immunity d) artificially acquired active immunity

c) naturally acquired active immunity

Normal immune responses require the presence of a. B lymphocytes b. T lymphocytes c. both T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes d. NK cells

c. both T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes

It is possible to develop immunity to: a. all infections. b. any disease that can be cured by antibiotics. c. infectious agents, foreign cells, and abnormal body cells. d. any allergy.

c. infectious agents, foreign cells, and abnormal body cells.

Natural killer cells are: a. monocytes b. macrophages c. lymphocytes d. neutrophils

c. lymphocytes

The secondary antibody response: a. is slower than the primary response. b. produces fewer antibodies than the primary response. c. prevents disease symptoms from occurring. d. occurs because of cytotoxic T cells

c. prevents disease symptoms from occurring.

Which lymphoid organ has sinuses filled with blood instead of lymph? a. thymus b. lymph nodes c. spleen d. bone marrow e. kidneys

c. spleen

Natural killer cells are believed to eliminate foreign cells by damaging their: a) nuclei b) mitochondria c) chromosomes d) cell membranes

d) cell membranes

The lymph nodes that remove pathogens in the lymph coming from the legs are called: a) thoracic nodes b) cervical nodes c) axillary nodes d) inguinal nodes

d) inguinal nodes

Antibodies are ___________ molecules that may also be called _____________. a) inorganic/immune globulins b) carbohydrate/enzymes e c) lipid/immune globulins d) protein/gamma globulins

d) protein/gamma globulins

Which statement is NOT true of lymph nodes? a) they are located along the pathway of lymph vessels, b) during a serious infection 'they may become swollen c) they contain fixed macrophages and plasma cells d) the major groups are the cervical, axillary, and plantar nodes

d) the major groups are the cervical, axillary, and plantar nodes

Which of these statements about the spleen is not correct? a. The spleen has white pulp associated with the arteries. b. The spleen has red pulp associated with the veins. c. The spleen destroys defective red blood cells. d. The spleen is surrounded by trabeculae located outside the capsule. e. The spleen is a limited reservoir for blood.

d. The spleen is surrounded by trabeculae located outside the capsule.

Cytokines: a. promote inflammation. b. activate macrophages. c. kill target cells by causing them to lyse. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

The activation of cytotoxic T cells can result in the: a. lysis of virus-infected cells. b. production of cytokines. c. production of memory T cells. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

The tonsils are characterized by: a. having a white pulp containing lymphocytes. b. cleansing the blood. c. being lymphatic transport vessels. d. being located around the pharynx and functioning as other lymph nodes. e. being the origination point of all blood cells

d. being located around the pharynx and functioning as other lymph nodes.

Which of the following produces perforin? a. plasma cells b. B lymphocytes c. complement d. cytotoxic T cells e. suppressor T cells

d. cytotoxic T cells

Which of these cells is the most important in the release of histamine, which promotes inflammation? a. monocyte b. macrophage c. eosinophil d. mast cell e. natural killer cell

d. mast cell

Antigen-presenting cells can: a. take in foreign antigens. b. process antigens. c. use MHC class II molecules to display the antigens. d. stimulate other immune system cells. e. all of the above.

e. all of the above.

Which of the following is not considered a lymphoid organ? a. bone marrow b. thymus c. spleen d. lymph node e. kidney

e. kidney

Which of the following is not served by the thoracic duct of the lymphatic system? a. abdomen b. left arm c. left leg d. right leg e. right arm

e. right arm

Which of the following lymphoid organs secretes thymosin? a. tonsils b. lymph nodes c. spleen d. bone marrow e. thymus

e. thymus

Peyer's patches are found: a. within the bone marrow. b. within the thymus. c. within the liver. d. along the arterial walls. e. within the intestinal wall

e. within the intestinal wall