Chapter 22: Nutrition for Clients with Cardiovascular Disorders

The nurse educator is giving a lecture to a group of student nurses about nutrition for patients with atherosclerosis. Which of the following statements by students indicates the need for further discussion?

"Antihypertensive medications are the first line of treatment."

The nurse is caring for a client with hypertension. Which recommendation will the nurse make to decrease blood pressure?

"Avoid using salt when cooking."

The nurse is conducting a seminar on basic nutrition and eating a heart healthy diet. Which teaching will the nurse provide?

"Do not consume sugar-sweetened beverages."

The nurse is caring for a client with hyperlipidemia. What suggestion should the nurse offer to increase the HDL level?

"Follow a regular exercise routine."

A male client with hyperlipidemia has received nutrition education from the nurse. Which client statement requires further nursing teaching?

"I can consume up to three alcoholic drinks daily."

The nurse is providing home-care instructions to a client with coronary heart disease. The nurse determines that the client requires more discharge education when the client makes which of the following statements?

"I need to consume two or more servings of fried fish fillet per week."

Which client statement reflects that the nurse's teaching regarding a low-cholesterol and low trans fat diet has been effective?

"I plan to choose to snack on walnuts."

The nurse is providing nutritional counseling for a client with CHD. When the client says that she has eliminated all fats from her diet, which of the following is the nurse's best response?

"Not all fats are really bad. You may consume fats that are good for your heart."

A client reports wanting to take dietary supplements to minimize the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Which teaching will the nurse provide about supplementation?

"Omega-3 fatty acid is evidence-based to prevent CVD."

Which nursing response is appropriate when a 79-year old client who is vegetarian and without significant health problems states, "I eat two eggs every day for protein instead of meat"?

"Up to two eggs daily is a part of a heart-healthy eating pattern."

When developing a teaching plan for a client on a low-fat diet, which food will the nurse advise the client to limit? Select all that apply.

Bakery foods Bacon Sausage

In addition to blood pressure and cholesterol, which other health factor is included in the American Heart Association's "Life's Simple 7" metrics for cardiovascular health?

Blood glucose

Which risk factor contributes to metabolic syndrome?

Central obesity

A client with diabetes has been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. Which food item would the nurse encourage the client to avoid when following a Mediterranean-Style eating pattern pyramid?

Cheese

Different cultures have different food preferences. Which tradition leads to a high sodium intake because of heavy use of soy sauce?

Chinese American tradition

Which dietary teaching will the nurse provide to a client recently diagnosed with heart failure? Select all that apply.

Choose fat-free and low-fat milk. Make food at home when possible Restrict use of sodium.

When caring for a client with elevated cholesterol, which recommendation will the nurse make to achieve normal LDL levels?

Consume the right amount of calories to achieve a normal BMI

Which risk factor for coronary heart disease is modifiable?

Diet

A client suffered a heart attack is currently on a 2000-calorie diet. Which of the following dietary modifications could the nurse suggest that would increase the client's condition after a cardiac event? Select all that apply.

Eat at home more often Avoid fast-food restaurant meals. Consume more fruits and vegetables daily.

Which method of decreasing dietary sodium will the nurse teach to a client with congestive heart failure? Select all that apply.

Eliminate processed foods." "Do not use salt when cooking." "Use fresh and frozen vegetables." "Avoid salt substitutes."

A client with congestive heart failure is being seen at the healthcare facility. To reduce her risk for complications, the client is instructed to follow a regular exercise program to reduce her weight. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Excess body weight increases the risk of heart failure.

The nurse is teaching a client who wishes to lower fat intake. Which food choice will the nurse suggest?

Fat-free milk

The nurse is preparing to teach a group of female clients about cardiovascular nutrition therapy. Which information will the nurse provide?

Focusing on food groups instead of individual nutrients is useful in improving cardiac health

The nurse is providing nutritional education to a client with hypertension. What reason should the nurse give the client for including fruits and vegetables in the diet? Select all that apply.

Fruits and vegetables contain antioxidants. Fruits and vegetables lower the incidence of CHD. Fruits and vegetables lower the incidence of stroke. Fruits and vegetables improve blood pressure

A client asks the nurse about the impact of moderate alcohol consumption on the body. Which teaching will the nurse provide?

HDL cholesterol is raised

The nurse is assigned to care for a client with hypertension who has a diet high in saturated fats. What information should the nurse provide to the client about the detrimental effect of a high-fat diet?

It increases the risk of cardiovascular disorder complications.

The nurse is educating a 62-year old client with hypertension. Which lifestyle practice will the nurse encourage the client to make? Select all that apply.

Lower salt consumption Stop smoking Decrease weight

The nurse is caring for a client with obesity and hypertension. Which benefit of moderate weight loss will the nurse emphasize when educating the client? Select all that apply.

Lowers blood pressure Improves glycemic control Improves lipid levels Helps to prevent coronary heart disease Decreases chances of comorbid health conditions

Which form of fat will the nurse teach a patient wishing to follow the Mediterrean Diet Pyramid to consume?

Olive oil

The nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed a 2000-mg sodium-restricted diet. Which lunch will the nurse provide for the client?

Pasta with marinara sauce, medium banana, nonfat milk

The nurse is educating a client who has elevated cholesterol. Which food will the nurse recommend that the client avoid? Select all that apply.

Red meat Egg yolk Commercially-prepared baked goods

Which statement is accurate regarding the possible cardiometabolic benefits of fish oil?

Reduces inflammation

The nurse develops a nutrition plan for a client with cardiovascular disease. Which intake will the nurse recommend be limited?

Sodium

The nurse is providing information to parents who want to reduce sodium intake in their children's eating patterns. Which of the following statements are valid and correct?

Sodium-containing compounds are used extensively as preservatives.

The nurse is preparing to provide discharge teaching for a client with controlled hypertension. Which appropriate DASH-style food choices will the nurse discuss? Select all that apply.

Whole grains Low-sodium canned vegetables Whole fruits Ground beef that is at least 90% lean

A nursing instructor asks a student to discuss the benefits of losing weight for a client with cardiovascular disorder. Which statement by the student indicates an accurate understanding of the effects of weight reduction on blood pressure?

"The greater the weight loss, the greater is the reduction in blood pressure."

How many calories per day are included in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)—type eating pattern?

2000

The nurse is seeing a client who wants to eat a lower fat diet. Which example meal will the nurse share with the patient?

3 oz grilled fish, 1/2 cup brown rice, 1/2 cup cooked spinach, 1 serving fat-free milk

The nurse is educating a client with hypertension who wants to adopt the DASH-style eating pattern. Which of the following is included in this diet? Select all that apply.

4.5 or more cups of fruits and vegetables daily two or more 3 1/2-ounce servings of fish per week, preferably oily fish three or more 1-ounce-equivalent servings of whole grains daily

A male patient with hypertension enjoys an alcoholic beverage periodically. Which information will the nurse teach to the patient?

Alcoholic drinks should be limited to 2 or less drinks daily.

The nurse is caring for a client with coronary heart disease. The nurse understands that which underlying cause exists?

Atherosclerosis

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the effects of the DASH-style diet on cardiovascular diseases?

The DASH diet lowers HDL cholesterol.

The nurse's discharge teaching for a client with coronary heart disease will include recommending dietary modifications. Which of the following is NOT recommended?

Two 3 1/2 oz servings of steak per week

The guidelines for lowering sodium intake include all of the following EXCEPT:

Use cheese frequently.

Which principle is accurate regarding the DASH-style diet?

Whole foods are encouraged.

After having a serious cardiac event, a client is experiencing edema. The healthcare provider has instructed the nurse to monitor the client's potassium intake level. The nurse understands that for the client's cardiac health to improve, potassium must be which of the following?

decreased

The nurse is teaching a client with heart failure about diet modifications . Which of the following should the nurse recommend? Select all that apply.

fluid restriction protein fortification small, frequent meals soft, easy-to-chew foods

The traditional Mediterranean diet is a heart healthy food group approach. Like the DASH diet, it is characterized by:

high intake of vegetables.

While assessing a client, the nurse recognizes which of the following symptoms are NOT indicative of heart failure?

hyperactivity

During taking a health history, the nurse should consider the following symptoms as the most suggestive of heart failure EXCEPT:

increased hunger

The nurse is explaining to a client that along with uncontrolled hypertension, which of the following are risk factors for CHD? Select all that apply.

obesity cigarette smoking high in saturated fat diet diabetes

There is a strong evidence that monounsaturated fatty acids lower the incidence of coronary heart disease. Which of the following belongs to this group of fatty acids?

olive oil

A female client with high cholesterol is confused about how much alcohol she may drink. The nurse should advise the client with which of the following limitations?

one drink or less per day.

The nurse should understand that the risk factors for hypertension include all of the following EXCEPT:

physical activity.

The nurse is providing dietary instruction to a hypertensive client with uncontrolled blood cholesterol level. The nurse tells the client to avoid which of the following foods/beverages?

processed meats.

Numerous risk factors have been identified in the development of coronary heart disease. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor?

socioeconomic status