Chapter 22: The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

A. return of tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system.

A major function of the lymphatic system is A. return of tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system. B. circulation of blood. C. gas distribution. D. distribution of nutrients.

A. that receives lymph drainage from a body area suspected of cancer.

A sentinel node is the first lymph node... A. that receives lymph drainage from a body area suspected of cancer. B. that contains mature lymphocytes. C. to encounter an antigen. D. to produce an antibody in an immune reaction.

D. the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous

A sentinel node is... A. a lymph node found in the intestinal lamina proper B. the first node at the junction of all the lumbar trunks C. a small node in the spleen D. the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous

B. Peyer's patches.

Aggregates of lymphoid nodules located in the wall of the ileum are... A. ileal tonsils. B. Peyer's patches. C. submucosal tonsils. D. Werner''s nodes. E. appendices.

D) It has no known significant function

22) What is the function of a Hassall's corpuscle? A) It increases the surface area of the thymic cortex. B) It assists in the production of lymphocytes. C) It forms the blood-thymus barrier. D) It has no known significant function

D. subclavian veins.

All lymph is eventually returned to circulation via the... A. aorta. B. pulmonary trunk. C. vena cava. D. subclavian veins.

B. plasma cells

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by... A. T lymphocytes B. plasma cells C. lymph nodes D. medullary cords

A. white pulp.

Areas of lymphocytes suspended by reticular fibers in the spleen are known as... A. white pulp. B. lymph sinuses. C. red pulp. D. medullary cords.

B. skeletal muscle contractions and differences in thoracic pressures due to respiratory movement

Both lymph and venous blood flow are heavily dependent on... A. the pumping action of the heart B. skeletal muscle contractions and differences in thoracic pressures due to respiratory movement C. contraction of the vessels themselves D. two way valves

B. After puberty, the thymus begins to decrease in size.

Choose the true statement about the thymus. A. The thymus contains reticular fibers. B. After puberty, the thymus begins to decrease in size. C. The thymus directly fights foreign antigens. D. B cells and T cells mature in the thymus.

E. thymus.

Collections of lymphoid tissue (MALT) that guard mucosal surfaces include all the following EXCEPT.. A. Peyer's patches. B. appendix nodules. C. lymphoid nodules in the wall of the bronchi. D. tonsils. E. thymus.

D. islet of langerhans

Digestive tract associated lymphatic tissue include all of the following except... A. peyer's patches B. palatine tonsils C. lingual tonsils D. islet of langerhans

A. one way mini valves formed by overlapping endothelial cells

Entry of lymph into the lymphatic capillaries is promoted by what? A. one way mini valves formed by overlapping endothelial cells B. the respiratory pump C. the skeletal muscle pump D. greater fluid pressure in the interstitial space

C. tonsils

Except for the _____ and the spleen, the lymphoid organs are poorly developed at birth. A. thymus B. lymph nodes C. tonsils D. appendix

B. CSF.

Excess tissue fluid in the brain drains into the... A. lymphatics. B. CSF. C. ventricles. D. blood.

B. forming crypts that trap bacteria

Functions of the spleen include all of those below except... A. removal of old or defective blood cells from the blood B. forming crypts that trap bacteria C. storage of blood platelets D. storage of iron

A. Lymphatic collecting vessels have endothelial flap valves, but veins do not.

How are lymphatic collecting vessels different from veins? A. Lymphatic collecting vessels have endothelial flap valves, but veins do not. B. Lymphatic collecting vessels do not form branches; veins do form branches. C. Lymphatic collecting vessels have fewer tunics than veins. D. Lymphatic collecting vessels have thicker walls than do veins.

D. Spleen

In addition to lymphoid function, this organ holds a reservoir of platelets. A. Left lymphatic duct B. Tonsil C. Thymus D. Spleen E. Cisterna chyli

B. lymphatics in the intestine submucosa.

Lacteals are specialized... A. lymph nodes in the liver. B. lymphatics in the intestine submucosa. C. lymph nodes in the digestive system. D. lymphatics in the respiratory tract.

D. lower extremities

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the... A. inguinal region B. cervical region C. axillary region D. lower extremities

D. lymph sinuses.

Large lymph capillaries spanned by criss-crossing reticular fibers are known as... A. trabeculae. B. lymph follicles. C. medullary cords. D. lymph sinuses.

D digestive organs

Lymph capillaries are absent in all but which of the following? A. bones and teeth B. bone marrow C. CNS D digestive organs

C) cisterna chyli

Lymph collecting or pooling from the lower extremities would first pool in the ________ before moving on up. A) thoracic duct B) inguinal nodes C) cisterna chyli D) azygos

A. efferent lymphatic vessels

Lymph leaves a lymph node via... A. efferent lymphatic vessels B. afferent lymphatic vessels C. the cortical sinus D. the subscapular sinus

A. the brain

Lymph nodes are densely clustered in all of the following body areas except... A. the brain B. the axillae C. the groin D. the cervical region

B. red lines under the skin that are sensitive to touch.

Lymphangitis presents itself as... A. tender lymph nodes that are filled with pus. B. red lines under the skin that are sensitive to touch. C. enlarged tender tonsils. D. severe localized edema.

C. transport leaked plasma proteins and fluids to the cardiovascular system

Lymphatic vessels... A. serves as sites for immune surveillance B. filter lymph C. transport leaked plasma proteins and fluids to the cardiovascular system D are represented by vessels that resemble arteries, capillaries and veins

A. tonsil

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n)... A. tonsil B. thymus C. peyer's patch D. appendix

B. Some of the lymph nodes in the throat are full of bacteria.

People suffering from a throat infection often complain of "swollen glands." What is the actual problem? A. The Peyer's patches are infected. B. Some of the lymph nodes in the throat are full of bacteria. C. Lymphatic blockage D. The lingual tonsil is full of bacteria or virus. E. The tubal tonsils are infected.

B. ileum of the small intestine

Peyer's patches are found in the... A. duodenum of the small intestine B. ileum of the small intestine C. large intestine D. jejunum of the small intestine

C. Hodgkin's disease.

Reed-Sternberg cells are characteristic of... A. lymphoma. B. mononucleosis. C. Hodgkin's disease. D. elephantiasis.

D. lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscle

Select the correct statement about lymph transport... A. under normal conditions, lymph vessels are very high pressure conduits B. lymph transport is faster than occuring in veins C. lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes tissue swelling D. lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscle

B. B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes... A. the two main types are T cells and macrophages B. B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood C. T cells are the precursors of B cells D. T cells are the only form of lymphocyte found in lymphoid tissue

C. lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue... A. once a lymphocyte enters the lymphatic tissue, it resides there permanently B. lymphoid macrophages secrete antibodies into the blood C. lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue D. T lymphocytes act by ingesting foreign substances

B. lymph nodes

Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed... A. lymph follicles B. lymph nodes C. axillary nodes D. cisterna chyli

B. peyer's patches

The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of follicles called... A. islet of langerhans B. peyer's patches C. rugae D. villi

B. proliferating

The germinal center in lymph nodes are largely sites of.... A. macrophages B. proliferating C. lymphocytes D. all of these

B. thymic corpuscles.

The hormones of the thymus are secreted by the... A. thymic follicles. B. thymic corpuscles. C. T-lymphocytes. D. cortex.

A. thoracic duct.

The lymph from all but the right side of the head and the right arm and right thorax is drained by the... A. thoracic duct. B. cisterna chyli. C. right lymphatic duct. D. lacteals.

A. more permeable than blood capillaries

The lymphatic capillaries are... A. more permeable than blood capillaries B. less permeable than blood capillaries C. as permeable as blood capillaries D. completely impermeable

C. cisterna chyli.

The lymphatic structure that arises anterior to the first two lumbar vertebrae is known as the... A. right thoracic duct. B. lacteals. C. cisterna chyli. D. thoracic duct.

D. elephantiasis.

The lymphedema condition, caused by tropical parasitic worms, is... A. Hodgkin''s disease. B. lymphoma. C. tonsillitis. D. elephantiasis. E. mononucleosis.

B. thymus

The lymphoid organ that functions primarily during youth and then begins to atrophy is what? A. spleen B. thymus C. palatine tonsils D. bone marrow

C. Tonsils

The lymphoid organs, located in the throat, that defend against invading bacteria coming in through the mouth and nose are A. Spleen B. Thymus C. Tonsils D. MALT E. Peyer''s patches

C. gather and remove pathogens entering through the pharynx.

The main role of the tonsils is to: A. help B cells mature. B. filter lymph. C. gather and remove pathogens entering through the pharynx. D. help T cells mature.

A. splenic sinusoids

The red pulp area of the spleen are sites of... A. splenic sinusoids B. macrophages and red blood cells C. clustered lymphocytes D. connective tissue septa

C. cisterna chyli

The sac-like initial portion of the thoracic duct that receives lymph from the legs and the intestinal tract is the... A. lacteal B. right lymphatic duct C. cisterna chyli D. lymph sac

C. reticular tissue

The structural framework of lymphoid organs is... A. areolar connective tissue B. hematopoietic tissue C. reticular tissue D. adipose tissue

C. reticular connective tissue.

The structural framework of lymphoid tissue is offered by A. squamous epithelium. B. adipose. C. reticular connective tissue. D. dense, irregular connective tissue. E. dense, regular connective tissue.

B. childhood

The thymus is most active during... A. fetal development B. childhood C. middle age D. old age

D. directly fight antigens

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not... A. have lymphocytes B. produces hormones C. have a cortex and a medulla D. directly fight antigens

A. lingual tonsils

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the... A. lingual tonsils B. palatine tonsils C. pharyngeal tonsils D. peyer's tonsils

B. appendix

This structure attached to the cecum is in an ideal place to destroy bacteria before it migrates into the large intestine. A. thymus B. appendix C. tubal tonsil D. spleen E. palatine tonsil

C. keratinized epithelial cells.

Thymic corpuscles are composed of... A. maturing T-lymphocytes. B. B-lymphocytes. C. keratinized epithelial cells. D. plasma cells.

C. lymph vessels possess valves, like veins, to prevent backflow.

To assist with lymph return... A. lymph vessels rely on pressure generated by their muscular walls. B. lymph vessels rely exclusively on the pull of gravity. C. lymph vessels possess valves, like veins, to prevent backflow. D. lymph vessels rely on pressure generated by the heart. E. lymph vessels possess mini-pumps that drive lymph forward.

D. the thymus initially increases in size, and then decreases from adolescence through old age.

What effect does age have on the size of the thymus? A. the size of the thymus increases continually from birth to death. B. the size of the thymus decreases continually from birth to death C. the thymus is not affected by age D. the thymus initially increases in size, and then decreases from adolescence through old age.

D. in infected lymph node

What is a bubo? A. a wall in a lymph node B. a lobe of the spleen C. an infected peyer's patch D. in infected lymph node

C. capillary

What lymphatic structure absorbs excess tissue fluid? A. collecting vessel B. trunk C. capillary D. cisterna chyli E. duct

A. lacteal

What lymphatic structure absorbs lipids in the intestine? A. lacteal B. duct C. vein D. trunk E collecting vessel

B. cisterna chyli

What lymphatic structure forms from the merging of the intestinal and lumbar trunks? A. right lymphatic duct B. cisterna chyli C. subclavian duct D. jugular trunk E. thoracic duct

D. palatine tonsils

What lymphatic structures trap bacteria in the posterior oral mucosa? A. submandibular tonsils B. pharyngeal tonsils C. lingual tonsils D. palatine tonsils E. tubal tonsils

A. Lymphatic collecting vessels

What part of the lymphatic system is most closely associated with capillary beds? A. Lymphatic collecting vessels B. Lymph ducts C. Lymph nodes D. Lymphatic trunks

C. germinal centers

When B-lymphocytes are dividing rapidly the _____ of the lymphoid tissue enlarges. A. reticular fibers B. lymphoid nodules C. germinal centers D. diffused lymphoid tissue

B. severe localized edema distal to the blockage

When the lymphatic structures are blocked due to tumors, the result is... A. shrinkage of tissue distal to the blockage due to inadequate delivery of lymph B. severe localized edema distal to the blockage C. increased pressure in the lymphatics proximal to the blockage D. abnormally high lymph drainage in the area.

B. in the medullary cords

Where are plasma cells found in the node? A. in the cortex B. in the medullary cords C. in the lymph sinuses D. in the capsule

A. spleen

Where is the site of erythrocyte production in the fetus? A. spleen B. bone marrow C. thymus D. liver

A. The brachial area

Which area does NOT contain a large collection of lymph nodes? A. The brachial area B. The inguinal area C. The lumbar area D. The axillary area E. The neck

B. lymphocytes

Which cells become immunocompetent due to thymic hormones? A. basophils B. lymphocytes C. macrophages D. monocytes

C. right lymphatic duct

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax? A. lumbar trunk B. thoracic duct C. right lymphatic duct D. cisterna chyli

B. Eosinophils

Which of the following are NOT found in a lymph node? A. Follicles/nodules B. Eosinophils C. T-lymphocytes D. Macrophages E. B-lymphocytes

D. A and C

Which of the following are functions of lymphatic tissue? A. house and provide a proliferation site for lymphocytes B. house and provide a proliferation site for neutrophils C. furnish an ideal surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages D. A and C

A. A one-way system of vessels beginning with blind-ended lymphatic capillaries

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of lymphatic vessels? A. A one-way system of vessels beginning with blind-ended lymphatic capillaries B. A system that collects fluid from arteries and veins and takes it into lymphatic arteries to be pumped back to the blood circulation C. A system of large vessels designed to fill quickly with lymph as the heart pushes blood through the coronary sinus D. A system that pumps lymph through lymphatic ventricles to the lymphatic capillaries and through lymph veins back to the atria E. A system that carries lymph through lymphatic arteries, lymphatic capillaries, and lymphatic veins

B. monocytes

Which of the following cells would not be found in a germinal center in a lymph node? A. B lymphocytes B. monocytes C. plasma cells D. follicular dendrite cells

A. being located adjacent to large veins

Which of the following does not contribute to lymph transport? A. being located adjacent to large veins B. pressure changes in the thoracic cavity C. contraction of skeletal muscles D. mini-valves in the lymphatic vessels

C. Each contain chyle.

Which of the following features is not common to both lymphatic collecting ducts and veins? A. the presence of valves B. a wall made of three layers C. Each contain chyle. D. Anatomical distributions of each vary between individuals.

D. Macrophage

Which of the following is NOT a lymphatic organ? A. Spleen B. Thymus C. Peyer''s patches D. Macrophage E. MALT

D. Macrophages

Which of the following is found lining the lymphatic sinuses of the lymph nodes? A. T cells B. B cells C. Dendritic cells D. Macrophages E. Lymphocytes

E. Lymphocytes

Which of the following is located in the spleen''s white pulp regions? A. Macrophages B. Blood vessels C. Monocytes D. Capsules E. Lymphocytes

B. Lymph nodes produce lymph.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of lymph nodes? A. Lymph nodes have a capsule. B. Lymph nodes produce lymph. C. Lymph nodes filter lymph. D. Lymph nodes activate the immune system.

C. produce lymph fluid and cerebro-spinal fluid

Which of the following is not a function of lymph nodes? A. act as lymph filters and activate the immune systems B. produce lymphoid cells and granular WBC's C. produce lymph fluid and cerebro-spinal fluid D. serve as antigen surveillance areas

C. Delivery of nutrients to tissues

Which of the following is not a function of lymphatic vessels? A. The return of leaked proteins to the blood B. Transportation of absorbed fat from the intestines to the blood C. Delivery of nutrients to tissues D. The return of tissue fluid to the bloodstream

D. transporting respiratory gases

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system? A. draining interstital tissue B. carrying out immune response C. transporting dietary fats D. transporting respiratory gases

C. providing a maturation site for lymphocytes

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic vessels? A. carrying fat from the intestine to the blood B. returning leaked proteins to the blood stream C. providing a maturation site for lymphocytes D. returning excess fluid to the bloodstream

D. smooth muscle contraction

Which of the following is not a method that maintains lymph flow? A. skeletal muscle contraction B. breathing C. valves in lymph vessel walls D. smooth muscle contraction

B. thymus

Which of the following is not a mucosa associated lymphatic tissue? A. tonsil B. thymus C. peyer's patch D. appendix

C. red blood cells

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph? A. water B. plasma proteins C. red blood cells D. ions

C. The spleen

Which of the following is not a part of the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)? A. The tonsils B. The appendix C. The spleen D. Peyer's patches

B. Serve as a site of T cell maturation

Which of the following is not a role of the spleen? A. Break down erythrocytes B. Serve as a site of T cell maturation C. Serve as an immune system surveillance organ D. Store platelets

A. Thymus

Which of the following is the major lymphoid organ that "trains" T-lymphocytes to become immunocompetent? A. Thymus B. Tonsils C. Spleen D. MALT E. Peyer''s patches

A. Afferent vessel, subcapsular sinus, medulla, efferent vessel

Which of the following lists the correct order of lymph flow through the lymph node? A. Afferent vessel, subcapsular sinus, medulla, efferent vessel B. Subcapsular sinus, efferent vessel, afferent vessel, medulla C. Efferent vessel, subcapsular sinus, medulla, afferent vessel D. Medulla, efferent vessel, afferent vessel, subcapsular sinus

B. Lymph nodes

Which of the following make up the principle lymphoid organs in the body? A. Spleen B. Lymph nodes C. Tonsils D. Peyer''s patches E. MALT

C. It is best to perform a splenectomy if the spleen is damaged in a car accident.

Which of the following statements about the spleen is false? A. The spleen's capsule is very thin and can be ruptured easily by a direct blow. B. If the spleen is removed, the liver will take over its function. C. It is best to perform a splenectomy if the spleen is damaged in a car accident. D. In children under the age of 12 years old, the spleen will regenerate if a small piece is left in the body.

E. Large lymphatic vessels have the same three layers, but are thinner and have more valves.

Which of the following statements is true when comparing large lymphatic vessels to larger veins of the circulatory system? A. Larger lymphatic vessels have only one layer and have no valves. B. Larger lymphatic vessels have only two layers, instead of three, as do veins, but have more valves than veins. C. Larger lymphatic vessels have the same three layers, but have no valves. D. Larger lymphatic vessels have thicker layers and no valves. E. Large lymphatic vessels have the same three layers, but are thinner and have more valves.

B. lymphatics

Which of the following vessels transport fluid that leaks from the vascular system back into the blood? A. veins B. lymphatics C. sinusoids D. capillaries

A. pancreas

Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure? A. pancreas B. spleen C. tonsils D. peyer's patches of the intestine

D. Capillaries - vessels - trunks - ducts

Which sequence best describes the flow of lymph through the lymphatic system? A. Ducts - trunks - capillaries - vessels B. Ducts - vessels - trunks - capillaries C. Capillaries - trunks - vessels - ducts D. Capillaries - vessels - trunks - ducts E. Trunks - capillaries - vessels - ducts

E. It maintains blood volume and hence, pressure.

Which statement below describes the lymphatic system''s role in relation to the cardiovascular system? A. It is the primary source for regulation of blood pressure. B. It is the major source for distribution of all hormones. C. It serves as a pathway for distribution of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. D. It helps regulate cardiac activity. E. It maintains blood volume and hence, pressure.

D. It drains the lymph from the entire left side of the body and the right abdomen and leg.

Which statement is true of the thoracic duct? A. It forms from the merging of collecting vessels from the left upper limb and neck B. It only drains lymph from the arms. C. It forms from the merging of collecting vessels on the right side of the body. D. It drains the lymph from the entire left side of the body and the right abdomen and leg. E. It drains the lymph from the right head, neck shoulder, arm, and upper right chest.

D. They have fewer efferent than afferent (incoming) vessels.

Which statement is true regarding lymph nodes? A. There are over 10,000 located throughout the body. B. They contain dense collections of all five-leukocyte types. C. They may reach the size of a golf ball. D. They have fewer efferent than afferent (incoming) vessels. E. There is a dense collection located in the feet and hands.

D. the thymus

guard mucosal surfaces include all of the following except... A. appendix follicles B. the tonsils C. peyer's patches D. the thymus