Chapter 22 The Mayans

Women and girls prepared the food and cared for the home. True or False

True

Mayan traders traveled by sea, river, and well-constructed roads to trade with other city-states. True or False?

True

Priests used the Sacred Round to______

determine the best days to plant, hunt, cure, do battle, and perform religious ceremonies.

When arranging a marriage of their children, the families had to agree on

how many years a young man would work for his new wife's family.

Where did Mayan cities continue to prosper during the Post-Classic period?

on the Yucatán Peninsula

Who were considered the backbone of Mayan society because they grew most of the food?

peasants

Mesoamerica is in what present day countries

southern Mexico, Belize, most of Guatemala, and parts of Honduras and El Salvador.

Who was at the top of the social pyramid in each Mayan city-state?

the ruler

Which members of Mayan society knew how to read and write?

the ruler, nobles, and priests

What did they achieved during the Classic period ?

they built enormous stone cities with elaborate and highly decorated temple-pyramids and palaces. The Mayas also built observatories for studying the sky. They charted the movements of the moon, stars, and planets. They used their knowledge of astronomy and mathematics to create complex and highly accurate calendars.

How did they adapt to the mountains climate?

they built terraces, or flat earthen steps, into the hills to make more land available for planting.

When might slaves be sacrificed to the gods?

upon the deaths of their owners

What was the duties of the Mayan men?

Mayan fathers and sons ate their morning meal quickly before leaving to work in the fields. When they weren't busy with the crops, men and boys hunted and trapped animals.

Could the Ruler be a female

Mayan rulers were almost always men, but scholars believe that some women had considerable influence, probably through family relationships.

Why was the number 3 special to the Mayans

The number three was special to Mayan women because it represented the three stones of the home hearth, or fireplace.

Who was usually sacrificed

The people who were sacrificed were usually orphans, slaves, or nobles captured during war.

What happened at the ceremony that marked the birth of a child?

The priest forecast the baby's future.

What was the Land of the Mayan's made up of (Farming area)

Their land included dense forests, little surface water, and poor soil.

How did Mayan farmers adapt to the environment of the mountainous highlands?

They built terraces to make more land available for planting.

Why did the Mayas honor their gods?

They feared that the gods who created the world could also destroy it.

Why did the Mayans sacrifice humans?

They sacrificed humans because they believed that human blood was the most valuable substance. By sacrificing this to the gods they were giving them the most most important substance.

How did they adapt to the densely forested lowland areas climate?

They used the slash and burn method a farming technique in which vegetation is cut away and burned to clear land for growing crops. this unfortunate wears out the soil

Why did boys wear a white bead in their hair and girls wear a string of red shells around their waists?

They were symbols of children's innocence.

Classic period was from_____ until_____

300 to 900 C.E

Post-Classic period lasted from_____ until ______.

900 C.E. to 1500 C.E.

This Mayan palace was built in Labná toward the end of the Classic period, which ended about

900 CE

Pre-Classic period lasted from about______

2000 B.C.E. to 300 C.E.

Tikal, Copan, Chichén Itzá, and Palenque are four major Mayan______

Cities

The primary Mayan food was______

Corn

What was the believed causes of the collapse of the Mayan Civilization? (Listed)

Drought Famine Climate change They went to the shoreline

What happened during the Post Classical period?

During this time, the Mayas continued their warfare and empire building, but they had fewer great artistic and cultural achievements.

What happened during the Pre Classical period?

During this time, the Mayas farmed the land and lived in simple houses and compounds, or groups of buildings.

What was the rulers jobs, religious connections and what was to happen when they died

He ruled the state with the help of his advisers. He decided when and with whom to go to war. The Mayan ruler was considered a god-king. When he died, a son or another close male relative succeeded him.

What was the duties of the Mayan women?

Mayan women rose before dawn to get the fire burning in the fireplace. With the help of her daughters, a Mayan woman cleaned the corn that had been boiled and left to soak and soften overnight. Then she set to work at the grinding stone, pounding corn into meal. She patted the meal into tortillas or tamales and cooked them over the fire. They were to take care of animals and small children

How did they adapt to the swampy lowlands climate?

Mayas constructed raised-earth platforms surrounded by canals that drained off extra rainwater.

What happened by 900 C.E. that marked the end of the Classic period of Mayan history?

Mayas had abandoned their large cities to the jungle.

Mayan culture flourished in the region known as

Mesoamerica

The first Mesoamericans to use a solar calendar were the

Olmecs

What did the Mayans Sacrifice besides Humans

Plants, food, flowers, feathers, jade, and shells, and Animals

The Mayas developed their own system of hieroglyphic writing during the_____

Pre-Classic period

Mayas built their cities around religious and ceremonial centers because______

Religion was very important to the Mayas.