chapter 22-true/false
Nasal conchae mainly work on inhalation to warm and moisten air. They serve minor functions for exhalation.
F
Oxygenated hemoglobin releases O2 more readily when the pH is more basic.
F
The Hering-Breuer reflex is a potentially dangerous response that may cause overinflation of the lung.
F
The average individual has 500 mL of residual volume in his lungs.
F
The epiglottis is a smooth muscle that covers the glottis during swallowing.
F
The largest amount of CO2 is transported in the bloodstream in the form of carbonic anhydrase.
F
during normal quiet breathing, approximately 750 mL of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath
F
In chronic bronchitis, mucus production is decreased and this leads to the inflammation and fibrosis of the mucosal lining of the bronchial tree.
F-produces more mucus
Labored breathing is termed dyspnea.
T
Smoking diminishes ciliary action and eventually destroys the cilia.
T
Strong emotions and pain acting through the limbic system activate sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus, thus modulating respiratory rate and depth by sending signals to the respiratory centers.
T
The alveolar ventilation rate is the best index of effective ventilation
T
The functions of the nasal conchae are to enhance the air turbulence in the cavity and to increase the mucosal surface area exposed to the air.
T
The lungs are perfused by 2 circulations: the pulmonary and the bronchial. The pulmonary circulation is for oxygenation of blood. The bronchial circulation supplies blood to the lung structures (tissue).
T
The olfactory mucosal lining of the nasal cavity contains the receptors for the sense of smell.
T
The parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall.
T
Tracheal obstruction is life threatening.
T
Under certain conditions, the vocal folds act as a sphincter that prevents air passage.
T
Valsalva's maneuver involves closing off the glottis (preventing expiration) while contracting the muscles of expiration, causing an increase in intra-abdominal pressure.
T
Ventilation perfusion coupling means that more blood flows past functional alveoli than past nonfunctional alveoli.
T
changes in arterial pH can modify respiration rate and rhythm even when CO2 and O2 levels are normal
T
intrapleural pressure is normally about 4 mm Hg less than the pressure in the alveoli
T
Dalton's law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture.
T [PV=nRT] or [P=P1+P2+..]
Apneustic breathing is characterized by prolonged inspirations.
T
Atelectasis (lung collapse) renders the lung useless for ventilation.
T
As carbon dioxide enters systemic blood, it causes more oxygen to dissociate from hemoglobin (Haldane effect), which in turn allows more CO2 to combine with hemoglobin and more bicarbonate ion to be generated (the Bohr effect).
F
Increased temperature results in decreased O2 unloading from hemoglobin.
F