Chapter 23

Which platelet count result would indicate that spontaneous bleeding without trauma is possible?

12,000 cells/ul

A deficiency of vitamin K would cause which condition?

Bleeding

Which causes would be associated with the development of anemia?

Blood loss, increased erythrocyte destruction, altered production of erythrocytes

According to the area where multiple myeloma forms tumor masses, which type of tissue would be affected?

Bones

Which lymphoma would be the fastest-growing human tumor?

Burkitt

Which condition would be monitored for in an individual with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

Infection

Which rationale would explain the mechanism involved in the development of pernicious anemia after gastric surgery?

Intrinsic factor production by the parietal cells is reduced

Which factor would increase the risk for acute lymphocytic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia?

Ionizing radiation

Koilonychia would be a clinical manifestation for which condition?

Iron deficiency anemia

Which type of anemia is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide?

Iron-deficiency

Which definition would be accurate regarding anemia?

It is a decreased number of circulating red blood cells.

Which information would be included in a teaching session about pernicious anemia?

It is associated with end-stage type A chronic atrophic gastritis

Which vitamin would assist in clotting?

K

Which characteristics would be associated with pernicious anemia?

Lack of B12, normal hemoglobin concentration, and large abnormally shaped erythrocytes

Which platelet count would lead to severe spontaneous bleeding?

Less than 10,000 platelets/ul

Which term would describe a higher-than-normal white blood cell count?

Leukocytosis

Which initial clinical manifestation would be associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

Lymphadenopathy

Which pathophysiologic mechanism would occur in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

Malignant transformation of B cells

Which area of the body would be affected when cheilosis from folate deficiency anemia develops?

Mouth

Which clinical manifestation from the medical record would be associated with anemia?

Mucous membrane finding (pale in color)

Which condition would produce malignant plasma cells with tumor masses all throughout the skeletal system?

Multiple myeloma

Which information about non-Hodgkin lymphoma would be accurate?

Multiple peripheral nodes are affected

Which area would be a common site for an abnormal lymph node in Hodgkin lymphoma?

Neck

Which alteration in leukocytes would be expected in an individual with burns?

Neutrophilia

Which type of immature cell would be increased in a shift-to-the-left, or a leukemoid reaction?

Neutrophils

Which finding would be normal for lymph nodes?

Nonpalpable

Which clinical manifestation would be typical in acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Oozing blood from an intravenous needle site

Which pathologic feature would be common to all forms of leukemia?

Overcrowding of bone marrow

Which clinical manifestation would help confirm a diagnosis of lymphoblastic lymphoma?

Painless enlarged lymph nodes in the neck

Which finding would be a clinical manifestation of Hodgkin lymphoma?

Painless enlargement of lymph nodes

Which term would describe low platelet levels, low red blood cell levels, and low white blood cell levels?

Pancytopenia

Which finding in the medical record would help distinguish between pernicious anemia and folate deficiency anemia?

Paresthesia of the feet and fingers

After surgical removal of the stomach, which specialized cell that helps produce a substance needed for absorption of vitamin B12 would be lost?

Parietal

Which anemia would result from a deficiency of intrinsic factor?

Pernicious

Which type of anemia would be associated with the presence of macrocytic-normochromic erthrocytes?

Pernicious

Which type of anemia would cause nervous system manifestations?

Pernicious

Which type of anemia would produce large erythrocytes?

Pernicious

Which individual would be at risk for developing a folate deficiency anemia?

Person who abuses alcohol

Which sign or symptom would indicate acquired thrombocytopenia with the administration of a thiazide agent?

Petechiae

Chromosomes 9 and 22 translocate to produce which substance?

Philadelphia chromosome

Which pathophysiologic mechanism would occur in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)?

Platelet aggregation and thrombus formation

Which term would describe an abnormally high production of red blood cells?

Polycythemia

Which term would describe the absolute primary form of polycythemia?

Polycythemia vera

Which conditions would be causes of iron deficiency anemia?

Pregnancy, chronic bleeding

Which primary pathophysiologic mechanism would occur in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?

Presence of autoantibodies against platelet-associated antigens

Which major organ system would increase the renin-aldosterone response during anemia?

Renal

Which treatment would be initiated for control of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Replacement of deficient coagulation factors, elements, and platelets

Which clinical manifestation listed in the medical record would suggest disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Spontaneous bleeding from the gums

Which classification would be assigned to an individual who has Hodgkin disease, and the spread of lymphoma has reached multiple extralymphatic organs and tissues?

Stage IV

Which type of cells can become malignant in non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells

Which explanation would accurately describe a "shift-to-the-left" phenomenon?

The demand for circulating mature neutrophils exceeds the supply

Which condition would be associated with decreased platelets?

Thrombocytopenia

Which condition would have the following clinical manifestations: petechiae, easy bruising, bleeding gums, and a platelet count of 75,000/ul?

Thrombocytopenia

Which term would describe a low platelet level?

Thrombocytopenia

Which condition would be associated with Virchow triad?

Thrombus

Which primary alteration would occur in anemia?

Tissue hypoxia is the underlying change

Which type of allergic reaction would produce eosinophilia?

Type 1

Which type of cell would be characteristic of acute leukemia?

Undifferentiated

Which body fluid contains Bence Jones protein?

Urine

Which drug would be the most common cause of drug-induced thrombocytopenia?

Heparin

Which condition would produce Reed-Sternberg cells?

Hodgkin lymphoma

Which laboratory finding would be typical of multiple myeloma?

Hypercalcemia

Which characteristic cell or cell state would associated with lymphoblastic lymphoma?

Immature malignant T cells

Which physiological response would occur when erythropoietin is increased in the body?

Increased erythrocytes

Which pathophysiologic process would cause thrombocytopenia?

Increased platelet consumption

Which finding would be a clinical manifestation of aplastic anemia?

Increased risk of infection

Which information would indicate an accurate understanding of the difference between anemia and polycythemia?

Anemia is a decrease in erythrocytes, but polycythemia is increased concentration of erythrocytes

Which clinical manifestations would be typical for acute leukemia?

Anemia, infection, bleeding tendencies

Which term would describe red blood cells assuming various sizes?

Anisocytosis

Which classification of natural substances would include tissue factor pathway inhibitor, antithrombin III, and protein C?

Anticoagulants

Which leukocyte would be infected with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in infectious mononucleosis (IM)?

B lymphocyte

Which cell line would likely be affected in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?

B lymphocytes

Which type of infection would cause an elevated neutrophil count?

Bacterial

Which white blood cells would be considered granulocytes?

Basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils

Which type of leukemia would occur most often in developed countries and in higher socioeconomic groups?

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

Which pathophysiologic process would be typical in mononucleosis?

An acute infection of B lymphocytes with Epstein-Barr virus

Anemia would most commonly be classified using which criteria?

Changes that affect the cell's size and hemoglobin content

Which factors implicated in the development of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) would be included in a teaching session?

Chronic diarrhea, menorrhagia, and blood loss due to ulcers/esophageal varices/ulcerative colitis

Which disease would develop the Philadelphia chromosome?

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Which pathophysiologic mechanism would occur in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Clotting that leads to bleeding

Which test would help diagnose the condition of an individual with burning on the soles of the feet and in the toes, which are warm and red (erythromelalgia) and becomes more severe after standing for a short time?

Complete blood cell count

Which characteristic would be typical of anemia?

Decreased erythrocyte level in circulating blood

Which dietary factor would lead to impaired hemostasis?

Deficiency of vitamin K

Which condition would lead to the development of relative polycythemia?

Dehydration

Which condition would be used to describe a consumptive thrombohemorrhagic disorder in the clinical setting?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Which condition would cause hemorrhage and thrombosis simulatenously?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Which hematologic complication would be occurring in an individual recovering from massive trauma who begins to ooze blood and develops ecchymosis?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Which conditions would cause neutrophilia?

Early inflammation, early stage of infection, absolute neutrophil count greater than 7500/ul

Which term would describe a clot that is circulating within the bloodstream?

Embolus

Which factors would be components of Virchow triad?

Endothelial injury, hypercoagulable state, and abnormalities of blood flow

Which finding in the medical record would be of concern in an individual with infectious mononucleosis?

Enlarged spleen

Which physiologic response would lead to the development of secondary polycythemia in individuals who live at high altitudes?

Erythropoietin secretion is stimulated by hypoxia