Chapter 23 Study Guide
The Marshall Plan was popularized by the use of the slogan?
"Prosperity makes you free"
To wage the cultural Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency and Defense Department sought to censor the work of what painter?
(Jason Pollock) Guess
What precedent was set after Truman's 1947 speech to Congress?
American assistance to anticommunist regimes for the global defense against the USSR
What was the result of the Korean War?
An armistice and the divide along the 38th parallel between the two Koreas
How did Truman respond to Joseph Stalin's blockade around Berlin?
An eleven-month airlift followed, which brought supplies to their zones of Berlin
Describe examples of anticommunism with businesses and government regulations?
Anticommunism became part of a campaign to identify government intervention in the economy with socialism
The Truman Doctrine assumed the U.S. would provide aide to who?
Any anticommunist regime threatened by communism
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights protected people against what types of government?
Arbitrary government
The charges against which of the following organizations led to the downfall of Joseph McCarthy in 1954?
Army
The committee that drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was led by?
Eleanor Roosevelt
Civil rights initiatives after 1948 waned because?
Given widespread American sentiment that any criticism of American society smacked of "disloyalty."
Before breaking the color barrier in Major League Baseball, Jackie Robinson did what?
Had been tried for insubordination in 1944, when he refused to move to the back of the Bus at Fort Hood, Texas
What obstacle did Harry Truman face when he assumed the presidency following the death of Franklin Roosevelt in April 1945?
Harry Truman lacked experience in foreign policy
Why was it inevitable that the United States and the Soviet Union would eventually come into conflict after the war ended?
Historically, both nations had never shared long- term interest or values
The impact of the Cold War on the civil rights movement?
Included government action against black leaders
Know the major provisions of the Fair Deal.
Increase the minimum wage, enact a program of national health insurance, and expand public housing, Social Security, and aid to education
After World War II, which country gained its independence from Great Britain?
India
What artist had his work promoted by the CIA but at the same time had his paintings criticized as un-American?
Jason Pollock
Starting in the 1950s, the government asked federal employees to demonstrate their patriotism. This was especially true for those who were suspected of being disloyal. Along with this group, what other minority was specifically targeted by the government?
Jews
In 1949, Mao Zedong did what?
Led a successful communist revolution in China
Why did Margaret Chase Smith disagree with Joseph McCarthy's anticommunist agenda?
McCarthy was promoting hate and character assassination
Who were the "Dixiecrats"?
Numerous southern delegates who supported state rights over human rights
Which long-held U.S. territory was granted independence in 1946?
Philippines
The policy of "containment" can best be described as?
Preventing the spread of communism worldwide
During the Cold War, Americans formed anticommunist groups who pressured public libraries to do what?
Remove from their shelves "un-American" books like the tale of Robin Hood, who took from the rich and gave to the poor.
During the Cold War, the United States considered all anticommunist regimes as part of the free world even when the government was oppressive to its own people. What nation fit this description?
South Africa
Why were American diplomats particularly dismayed that the Soviets had installed a procommunist government in Poland in 1945?
Stalin had promised that he would allow a democratic government in Poland, at the Yalta conference
The 1948 presidential race was the last to occur before what technology forever changed campaigning?
Television
How was Truman's national health insurance plan defeated?
The American Medical Association raised the specter of "socialized medicine" to discredit and defeat Truman's proposal for national health insurance.
What introduced the concept of human rights to the broader world?
The Cold War, the atrocities committed during WWII, and the global language of the Four freedoms and the Atlantic Charter.
The United Nations authorized the use of force to repel the North Koreans in what war?
The Korean War
Between 1945 and 1952, what was one way in which black Americans gained more rights?
The NAACP launched a voter registration campaign in the South
After World War II, the only nation that could rival the United States was?
The Soviet Union
What happened right after World War II to the U.S. status in the world? Why?
The United States emerged as the world's greatest power. It boasted the world's most powerful navy and air force, accounted for half of the world's manufacturing capacity, and alone possessed the atomic bomb.
Why was it unlikely that the Soviet Union was going to embark on a new military campaign in the years following World War II?
The communist nation had suffered more than 20 million casualties, along with immense devastation
The McCarran-Walter Act authorized what?
The deportation of immigrants identified as communists, even if they had become citizens.
The Berlin Blockade was the Soviet Union's reaction to?
The establishment of a separate currency in western Berlin's occupied zones.
Describe Operation Wetback
The federal government launched a program that employed the military to invade Mexican-American neighborhoods and round up undocumented aliens.
President Truman's civil rights plan called for what?
The federal government to assume the responsibility of for abolishing segregation and ensuring equal treatment in housing, employment, education, and the criminal justice system.
What reason did the Hollywood Ten give for not cooperating with the HUAC hearings?
The hearing violated the First Amendment's guarantees of freedom of speech and political association.
Assess the effects of the Marshall Plan.
The plan offered economic assistance to noncommunist governments to noncommunist governments. Western Production exceeded prewar levels and the region was poised to follow the United States as a mass-consumption society.
What did the McCarren-Walter Act of 1952 permit?
The revoking of citizenship and deportation of an American born abroad if he or she refused to testify about "subversive" activity, joined a sub verse organization, or voted in a foreign election.
The "Iron Curtain" was?
The separation from the free west and the communist East
Why did the United States allow West Germany to become part of a defensive alliance less than ten years after the defeat of Nazi Germany?
The successful Soviet detonation of a nuclear bomb underlined the importance of a military united west
What were the Nuremberg trials?
The trials of numerous German officials at Nuremberg for crimes against humanity.
Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed to have a list of communists working for the U.S. State Department. Why did the Republican Party initially support McCarthy's actions?
They believed that the attacks would help them win the 1952 election
How did black organizations employ the language of the Cold War?
They insisted American that by damaging the American image abroad, racial inequality played into the Russian's hand.
Why did American policymakers agree to spend billions of dollars on the economic recovery of Europe under the Marshall Plan?
They were afraid that if they did not help with economic recovery, western European nations might fall into the Soviet sphere of influence.
Why did France and other European nations understand NATO as a form of double containment?
West Germany would serve as a wall against the Soviets while integration into the Western alliance tamed Germany
In the aftermath of World War II the majority of soldiers went back to what?
Work
