Chapter 23 The Transport Systems

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Which of the following minerals is typically over-consumed by Americans? A. Sodium B. potassium C.Iron D. cholesterol

A. Sodium

A four chambered heart, veins, arteries and capillaries are found in A. all closed circulatory systems B. many closed circulatory systems C. some open circulatory systems D. all open circulatory systems

A. all closed circulatory systems

The functional unit of the lungs where gas exchange occurs is the A. alveolus B. bronchiole C. sinus D. glottis

A. alveolus

Increasing the size of the thoracic cavity through contraction of the diaphragm and rib muscles causes A. an inhalation B. an exhalation C. coughing D. positive pressure in the lungs

A. an inhalation

Hemodialysis utilizes __wastes normally collected by the kidney. A. diffusion through artificial or natural semi-permeable membranes to collect B. pumping dialysate through a series of filters to collect C. adding dialysate from bags attached to the abdomen to dilute D. active transport through natural membranes in the abdomen to collect

A. diffusion through artificial or natural semi-permeable membranes to collect

Bleeding gums and easy bruising of skin is a symptom of a/an A. eating disorder involving vitamin D B. eating disorder involving protein C. deficiency disorder involving lipids D. deficiency disorder involving vitamin

A. eating disorder involving vitamin D

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? A. eliminate nitrogenous waste B. eliminate dead bacteria C. eliminate non-digestable food D. eliminate bile pigments from breakdown of hemoglobin

A. eliminate nitrogenous waste

In an open circulatory system A. hemolymph enters the heart via ostia B. blood leaves the heart via venules C. the heart is tubular D. both hemolymph enters the heart via ostia and the heart is tubular

A. hemolymph enters the heart via ostia

The nephron of mammals and Malpighian tubules of insects are both involved in water and salt balance. They are also similar in that they are both A. involved in elimination of nitrogenous waste B. tubular structures C. attached to the digestive system D. None of the choices are correct.

A. involved in elimination of nitrogenous waste

In animals with four chambered hearts, the left ventricle A. is larger as it pumps blood to the entire body B. is larger as it pumps blood in the pulmonary circuit C. pumps blood to the lungs D. pumps blood to both the lungs and the body

A. is larger as it pumps blood to the entire body

Which of the following is in the correct order for protein digestion? A. pepsin - peptides - peptidase - amino acids B. peptidase - peptides - pepsin - amino acids C. peptidase - amino acids - pepsin - peptides D. amino acids - peptidase - peptides - pepsin

A. pepsin - peptides - peptidase - amino acids

When looking at a food label, in order to know how many calories you will ingest, it is important to know total number of calories and A. serving size B.% daily value of protein C. number of grams of fat D. number of grams of fiber

A. serving size

"Essential" nutrients describes nutrients which A. the body is not able to produce B. the body is able to produce so no food source is needed C. are needed in very low quantities D. cannot be found within food sources

A. the body is not able to produce

In the cardiac cycle, the diastole is A. the relaxation of heart muscle B. the contraction of heart muscle C. the closing of the atrioventricular valves D. the opening of the semilunar valves

A. the relaxation of heart muscle

Pulmonary arteries take A.O2-poor blood to the lungs B. O2-rich blood to the lungs C. O2-rich blood to the body D. O2-poor blood to the right atrium

A.O2-poor blood to the lungs

Energy needs are supplied by A.carbohydrate, lipids and proteins B. micronutrients C. macronutrients D. macronutrients of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

A.carbohydrate, lipids and proteins

Growth factors may be given to AIDS patients in order to A.increase production of white blood cells B. decrease the number of red blood cells C. produce additional clotting factors D. prevent pathogens from reproducing

A.increase production of white blood cells

The USDA recommends which type of food should compose the smallest percentage of our diet? A. Fruits snd vegetables B. Fats and oils C. meat, eggs and nuts D. breads and cereals

B. Fats and oils

At higher elevations, as in the mountains, there is less oxygen content in the air. How would the body respond to this? A. the aortic bodies signal the breathing center to increase breathing rate B. The breathing center in the brain would increase the breathing rate C. Carotid bodied in the lungs would signal the brain to decrease breathing rate D. there is no mechanism for the body to respond to this phenomenon

B. The breathing center in the brain would increase the breathing rate

Egg yolks are a source of cholesterol. Most people can consume two whole eggs a week without raising their blood cholesterol level because A. cholesterol from eggs does not affect HDL-cholesterol levels B. The impact on LDL- cholesterol levels is greater from saturated and trans fats C. Cholesterol from eggs naturally lowers LDL- cholesterol levels D. All of the choices are correct.

B. The impact on LDL- cholesterol levels is greater from saturated and trans fats

A nutrient is defined as A. any food taken into the body B. a food component which performs a physiologic function in the body C. a food component which can be stored in the body for future energy needs D. an essential vitamin or mineral

B. a food component which performs a physiologic function in the body

Without villi, a person would not be able to A. produce vitamin K B. absorb enough nutrients C. produce pepsin D. both produce vitamin K and absorb enough nutrients

B. absorb enough nutrients

The large intestine functions in A. storage of indigestible material B. absorption of water C. absorption of salts D. All of the choices are correct.

B. absorption of water

Proteins must be ingested in order to obtain A. necessary trans fats B. essential amino acids C. essential cholesterol D. needed minerals such as potassium and magnesium

B. essential amino acids

Why does the body need iron? A. stimulates formation of lymph B. forms part of hemoglobin C. prevents destruction of red blood cells D. prevent plaque formation in arteries

B. forms part of hemoglobin

The pulmonary circuit in a closed circulatory system functions in A. nutrient absorption from the intestine B. gas exchange in the lungs C. waste disposal in the kidneys D. creating proper blood pressure

B. gas exchange in the lungs

If a person increases his energy intake without needing additional energy for metabolic function or processing foods, in order not to gain weight he will need to A. decrease physical activity B. increase physical activity C. consume additional vitamins D. drink additional water

B. increase physical activity

If blood is blocked from reaching heart muscle resulting in chest pain A. this indicates a heart attack has occurred B. it is called angina pectoris C. part of the heart muscle has died due to lack of oxygen D. both part of the heart muscle has died due to lack of oxygen and this indicates a heart attack as occurred

B. it is called angina pectoris

Fiber is a type of carbohydrate provided by A. animals B. plants C. milk D. honey

B. plants

Hair within the nose and cilia lining the respiratory tract A. moistens the air before it enters the lungs B. prevents particles from entering the lungs C. helps oxygen move into the lungs D. helps carbon dioxide leave the lungs

B. prevents particles from entering the lungs

Neutrophils and monocytes are similar in that they both A. are types of lymphocytes B. result in phagocytized pathogens C. produce antigens in response to pathogens D. release kinins which attract platelets

B. result in phagocytized pathogens

A genetic defect causes the distal tubules of nephrons to malfunction. What may not occur during urine formation? A. reabsorption of water and glucose B. secretion of larger molecules which may be toxic C. secretion of urea D. reabsorption of amino acids

B. secretion of larger molecules which may be toxic

Blood is assisted in moving through veins by A. heavy muscle walls of the veins B. skeletal muscle contraction C. valves D. both skeletal muscle contraction and valves

B. skeletal muscle contraction

It is important for sodium and chloride ions to be reabsorbed in the nephron so that A. urea can be secreted B. some water will be reabsorbed through osmosis C. some glucose reabsorption will occur D. needed amino acids will be reabsorbed

B. some water will be reabsorbed through osmosis

Fiber is important in the diet in A. providing glucose for cells B. stimulating movements of the large intestine C. assisting in fat digestion in the small intestine D. All of the choices are correct.

B. stimulating movements of the large intestine

Food in the digestive tract is called chyme after A. the tongue mixes it with saliva B. the stomach processes it C.all nutrients have been absorbed by the small intestine D.elimination through the anus

B. the stomach processes it

O2-poor blood goes A. to the right atrium from the body B. through the pulmonary trunk C. to the right ventricle through an atrioventricular valve D. All of the choices are correct.

B. through the pulmonary trunk

In diabetes type 2, cells become resistant to insulin because of A. reduced levels of glucose B. reduced levels of insulin C. Chronically high levels of insulin D. chronically high levels of glycogen

C. Chronically high levels of insulin

Carbohydrates are typically broken down to A. maltose, the molecule stored for future energy needs B. Fructose, the molecule stored for future energy needs C. Glucose, the molecule used as the energy source in cells D. Glycogen, the molecule used as the energy source in cells

C. Glucose, the molecule used as the energy source in cells

Starch digestion begins in the _ and protein digestion begins in the . A. mouth/ small intestine B. stomach/ small intestine C. Mouth/ stomach D. Stomach/ stomach also

C. Mouth/ stomach

Which of the following is an incorrect match? A. larynx - contains vocal cords B. pharynx - connects nasal and oral cavity to larynx C. Sinuses - remove dust particles from the air D. Glottis- opening to the larynx

C. Sinuses - remove dust particles from the air

A person can calculate whether they are overweight or not by using A. the body mass index equation B. Their height and weight C. a BMI table and their age D. the body mass index equation and their height and weight

C. a BMI table and their age

If the sinoatrial node fails in the heart ________. A. the heart ceases to beat B. the ventricles will beat at a higher rate C. an artificial pacemaker can correct the problem D. it does not affect the heartbeat

C. an artificial pacemaker can correct the problem

Which of the following is not true about semilunar valves? A. entrance to the pulmonary trunk B. their closing causes the second, shorter "dub" sound of the heartbeat C. connect the atria and ventricles D. entrance to the aorta

C. connect the atria and ventricles

The mechanism by which oxygen moves into capillaries from alveoli is A. active transport B. facilitated transport C. diffusion D. osmosis

C. diffusion

A major evolutionary change seen between fish circulatory systems and amphibian, bird and mammalian circulatory systems is the presence of a A. separate pulmonary circuit in fish B. two chambered heart in amphibians, birds and mammals C. double loop pathway in amphibians, birds and mammals D. stronger atria in amphibians, birds and mammals

C. double loop pathway in amphibians, birds and mammals

The presence of salts and plasma proteins in capillaries causes A. a greater osmotic pressure than blood pressure at the arterial end B. diffusion of water into the body tissues C. greater osmotic pressure than in body tissues D. slower flow of blood through capillaries

C. greater osmotic pressure than in body tissues

Adult females need more iron in their diet than males because women A. require more red blood cells B. require more iron to maintain eggs C. lose hemoglobin during menstruation D. are not as efficient in manufacturing hemoglobin

C. lose hemoglobin during menstruation

The osmotic pressure and buffering capacity of the blood is maintained by the A. red blood cells B. plasma C. lymph D. white blood cells

C. lymph

Taking up excess tissue fluid and fat from digestion and returning it to cardiovascular veins is a function of the A. Circulatory system B. Systemic circuit C. lymphatic system D. pulmonary circuit

C. lymphatic system

Which of the following is not a lymphatic organ? A. thymus B. spleen C. pancreas D. bone marrow

C. pancreas

Trans fats are A. found naturally in animals B. found naturally in plants C. produced by hydrogenating unsaturated oils D. produced by hydrogenating saturated fats

C. produced by hydrogenating unsaturated oils

Which of the following is the correct path urine follows from internal structures to outside the body? A. renal cortex - urethra - urinary bladder - ureter B. urinary bladder - renal pelvis - ureter - urethra C. renal pelvis - ureter - urinary bladder - urethra D. ureter - renal pelvis - urinary bladder - urethra

C. renal pelvis - ureter - urinary bladder - urethra

Human are omnivores as shown by the type of A. Enzyme secreted in saliva B. urine they produce C. teeth they have D. taste buds they have

C. teeth they have

T lymphocytes mature in the A. thyroid gland B. bone marrow C. thymus D. spleen

C. thymus

Animal foods typically contain — while plant foods typically contain A. saturated fats/ unsaturated fats B. trans fats/ saturated fats C. unsaturated fats/ saturated fats D. saturated fats/ trans fats

C. unsaturated fats/ saturated fats

Regulation of metabolic activities typically involves _ A. cholesterol B. water C. vitamins D. minerals

C. vitamins

In order to maintain a healthy weight _ A. physical activity should be included B. kilocalorie output should not exceed kilocalorie input C. Appropriate levels of vitamins and minerals should be taken in D. All of the choices are correct

D. All of the choices are correct

Blood pressure A. is highest when the heart contracts B. can increase because of atherosclerosis C. is measured in an artery D. All of the choices are correct.